The Mazor X is indicated for precise positioning of surgical instruments or spinal implants during general spinal surgery. It may be used in open or minimally invasive or percutaneous procedures. Mazor X 3D imaging capabilities provide a processing and conversion of 2D fluoroscopic prom standard Carms into a volumetric 3D image. It is intended to be used whenever the clinician and/or patient benefits from generated 3D imaging of high contrast objects. The Mazor X navigation tracks the position of instruments, during spinal surgery, in relation to the surgical anatomy and identifies this position on diagnostic or intraoperative images of a patient.
Device Story
Mazor X System provides robotic trajectory guidance and navigation for spinal surgery. Inputs include pre-operative CT scans and intra-operative 2D fluoroscopic projections. System processes 2D images into volumetric 3D images and registers them to patient anatomy. Robotic arm provides 6-axis motorized positioning for instrument/implant guidance; navigation camera tracks instruments relative to anatomy. Used in hospital operating rooms by surgeons. Output is visual guidance on workstation display, enabling precise instrument placement and implant positioning. Benefits include enhanced surgical accuracy and visualization. Modifications include software enhancements for extended functionality, compatibility with additional Medtronic surgical tools, and minor hardware updates.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Verification and validation testing confirmed system requirements, software requirements, and user needs were met. Performance testing demonstrated robotic depth accuracy <1.5mm, navigation positional error <2mm, and trajectory error <2 degrees, consistent with the predicate device.
Indicated for precise positioning of surgical instruments or spinal implants during general spinal surgery in orthopedic patients. Applicable for open, minimally invasive, or percutaneous procedures.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A stereotaxic instrument is a device consisting of a rigid frame with a calibrated guide mechanism for precisely positioning probes or other devices within a patient's brain, spinal cord, or other part of the nervous system.
Predicate Devices
Mazor X System (Mazor X Stealth Edition) (K203005)
Capstone PTC implants and Enhanced Capstone implants (K172199)
Submission Summary (Full Text)
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April 7, 2023
Mazor Robotics Ltd. Marina Shkedy Sr. Regulatory Affairs Specialist 1 HaEshel Street (Building C) Caesarea Business Park, 3079830 Israel
Re: K230064
Trade/Device Name: Mazor X System (Mazor X Stealth Edition) Regulation Number: 21 CFR 882.4560 Regulation Name: Stereotaxic Instrument Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: OLO, LLZ Dated: December 29, 2022 Received: January 9, 2023
Dear Marina Shkedy:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
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Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about medical devices and radiation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely.
Shumaya Ali-S
Shumaya Ali, M.P.H. Assistant Director DHT6C: Division of Restorative, Repair and Trauma Devices OHT6: Office of Orthopedic Devices Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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## Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K230064
Device Name Mazor X System (Mazor X Stealth Edition)
Indications for Use (Describe)
The Mazor X is indicated for precise positioning of surgical instruments or spinal implants during general spinal surgery. It may be used in open or minimally invasive or percutaneous procedures.
Mazor X 3D imaging capabilities provide a processing and conversion of 2D fluoroscopic prom standard Carms into a volumetric 3D image. It is intended to be used whenever the clinician and/or patient benefits from generated 3D imaging of high contrast objects.
The Mazor X navigation tracks the position of instruments, during spinal surgery, in relation to the surgical anatomy and identifies this position on diagnostic or intraoperative images of a patient.
X Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
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# 510(k) Summary
| Applicant name: | Mazor Robotics Ltd.<br>1 HaEshel Street (Building C)<br>Caesarea business Park 3079830, Israel |
|--------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Contact person(s): | Primary: Marina Shkedy<br>Role: Sr. Regulatory Affairs Specialist<br>Email: marina.shkedy@medtronic.com<br>Phone: +972507848810<br>Secondary: Sophie Gorali<br>Role: Regulatory Affairs Specialist<br>Email: sophie.gorali@medtronic.com |
Date Prepared: April 6th, 2023
Name of Device: Mazor X System (Mazor X Stealth Edition)
Classification Name: Stereotaxic instrument
Classification Code: OLO and LLZ
Device class: II
Regulation number: 882.4560
Panel: Orthopedic
Predicate Devices: Mazor X System (Mazor X Stealth Edition) (K203005)
# Intended Use / Indications for Use
The Mazor X is indicated for precise positioning of surgical instruments or spinal implants during general spinal surgery. It may be used in open or minimally invasive or percutaneous procedures.
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Mazor X 3D imaging capabilities provide a processing and conversion of 2D fluoroscopic projections from standard C Arms into volumetric 3D image. It is intended to be used whenever the clinician and/or patient benefits from generated 3D imaging of high contrast objects.
The Mazor X navigation tracks the position of instruments, during spinal surgery, in relation to the surgical anatomy and identifies this position on diagnostic or intraoperative images of a patient.
## Device Description
The Mazor X system combines robotic trajectory guidance with navigated surgical instruments (either guided or free hand navigation) to enable the surgeon to precisely position surgical instruments and/or implants according to predefined planning. With the imaging capabilities of the system, the user can also visualize the implants on the patients CT. Same as the predicate device the modified Mazor X consists of a workstation with dedicated software, the surgical system, navigation camera, accessories, instruments and disposable kits. The modified Mazor X, the subject of this 510(k) application, introduces software and hardware modifications to the Mazor X System cleared in 510(k) K203005.
## Technological Characteristics
The modified Mazor X device is similar in its technological features to its predicate device, the cleared Mazor X. Both the subject and predicate systems combine robotic and navigation technologies to enable the precise positioning and tracking of surgical instruments or spinal implants during general spinal surgery. Both systems allow registration of image data with patient anatomy by registering the pre-operative CT scan to the intra-operative fluoroscopic scans, and by localizing the position of the 3D patient volume to the robotic system. In both systems, the positioning of surgical instruments and their trajectories are guided by the system in accordance with the planning conducted by the surgeon on the pre-operative CT image. In both systems, the navigation feature provides the option of tracking the surgical instruments during the procedure. Both systems include very similar hardware and software components, including the workstation, the surgical system, navigation camera, accessories, instruments, and disposable kits. The modifications to the cleared Mazor X System, that are the subject of this premarket application,
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include software enhancements to enable extended functionality, compatibility with additional, previously cleared, surgical tools and some minor hardware changes.
However, as explained in more detail below, these differences do not raise new or different questions of safety or effectiveness since the principal technology remains very similar and, in both instances, the key question is whether the robotic and navigation functionalities are accurate. The bench performance testing and human factors validation demonstrated that the modified Mazor X is safe and effective as the predicate device.
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Comparison of the Proposed Mazor X to the Cleared Mazor X System (K203005) is provided below:
| Technological<br>Characteristic | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd. | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd.<br>K203005 (predicate device) | Comparison |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Product Code,<br>Class | OLO and LLZ,<br>Class II | OLO and LLZ,<br>Class II | Identical |
| Indications for<br>Use | The Mazor X is indicated for precise<br>positioning of surgical instruments or<br>spinal implants during general spinal<br>surgery. It may be used in open or<br>minimally invasive or percutaneous<br>procedures.<br><br>Mazor X 3D imaging capabilities<br>provide a processing and conversion of<br>2D fluoroscopic projections from<br>standard C-arms into a volumetric 3D<br>image. It is intended to be used<br>whenever the clinician and/or patient | The Mazor X is indicated for precise<br>positioning of surgical instruments or<br>spinal implants during general spinal<br>surgery. It may be used in open or<br>minimally invasive or percutaneous<br>procedures.<br><br>Mazor X 3D imaging capabilities<br>provide a processing and conversion of<br>2D fluoroscopic projections from<br>standard C-arms into a volumetric 3D<br>image. It is intended to be used<br>whenever the clinician and/or patient | Identical |
| Technological | Mazor X System | Mazor X System | Comparison |
| Characteristic | Mazor Robotics Ltd. | Mazor Robotics Ltd. | |
| | | K203005 (predicate device) | |
| | benefits from generated 3D imaging of<br>high contrast objects. | benefits from generated 3D imaging of<br>high contrast objects. | |
| | The Mazor X navigation tracks the<br>position of instruments, during spinal<br>surgery, in relation to the surgical<br>anatomy and identifies this position on<br>diagnostic or intraoperative images of a<br>patient. | The Mazor X navigation tracks the<br>position of instruments, during spinal<br>surgery, in relation to the surgical<br>anatomy and identifies this position on<br>diagnostic or intraoperative images of a<br>patient. | |
| Target<br>Population | Orthopedic patients | Orthopedic patients | Identical |
| Anatomical<br>Sites | Spine | Spine | Identical |
| Environment<br>Used | Hospital setting (operating room) | Hospital setting (operating room) | Identical |
| Technological | Mazor X System | Mazor X System | Comparison |
| Characteristic | Mazor Robotics Ltd. | Mazor Robotics Ltd. | |
| | | K203005 (predicate device) | |
| Main system | The Mazor X System consists of the | The Mazor X System consists of the | Identical |
| components | following components: | following components: | |
| | Workstation | Workstation | |
| | Surgical System 3Define | Surgical System 3Define | |
| | Camera: SR300 model | Camera: SR300 model | |
| | Bed Connecting Unit (e.g., Bed Frame) | Bed Connecting Unit (e.g., Bed Frame) | |
| | Device accessories for spine application | Device accessories for spine application | |
| | Mazor X Navigation Camera and accessories | Mazor X Navigation Camera and accessories | |
| Mechanism of | Computer assisted Stereotaxy: | Computer assisted Stereotaxy: | Identical |
| Action | Instrument position and trajectory | Instrument position and trajectory | |
| | calculation based on image data & | calculation based on image data & | |
| | instrument tracking based on optical | instrument tracking based on optical | |
| Technological<br>Characteristic | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd. | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd.<br>K203005 (predicate device) | Comparison |
| | navigation. Motorized positioning of<br>the Surgical Arm (spine) with tool<br>guide through 6 axes. | navigation. Motorized positioning of<br>the Surgical Arm (spine) with tool<br>guide through 6 axes. | |
| Compatibility<br>with Medtronic<br>instruments and<br>tools | Mazor X is compatible with the<br>following Medtronic tools and<br>instruments:<br>Medtronic Spine<br>instruments(K182121) Medtronic Navigation NavLock<br>Trackers (K182104) Medtronic Stealth-Midas and<br>Stealth Midas MR8 navigated<br>drill systems (K160713,<br>K183644) | Mazor X is compatible with the<br>following Medtronic tools and<br>instruments:<br>Medtronic Spine<br>instruments(K182121) Medtronic Navigation NavLock<br>Trackers (K182104) Medtronic Stealth-Midas and<br>Stealth Midas MR8 navigated<br>drill systems (K160713,<br>K183644) | Similar.<br>Compatibility with<br>additional, cleared to<br>market, Medtronic<br>instruments and tools<br>using the same<br>navigation technology,<br>enabling tracking the<br>position of the<br>instruments in relation to<br>the surgical anatomy and<br>identify this position on<br>the patient images. |
| Technological<br>Characteristic | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd. | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd.<br>K203005 (predicate device) | Comparison |
| | Medtronic navigated surgical instruments - Trials trackers,<br>Inserters and Disc Prep<br>Instruments (K131425, K163581, K150231) and<br>Medtronic Pedicle Probe (K050438) Medicrea UNiD Analyzer (K212005) Stealth-Midas Rex Drill System (K202552) Medtronic Navigated Anterolateral Disc Prep<br>Instruments (K211441) | Medtronic navigated surgical instruments - Trials trackers,<br>Inserters and Disc Prep<br>Instruments (K131425, K163581, K150231) and<br>Medtronic Pedicle Probe (K050438) | The compatibility with additional, cleared to<br>market, tools, does not change the system<br>indications for use, design or its principles of<br>operation and do not raise new questions of<br>safety and efficacy. |
| Technological<br>Characteristic | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd. | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd.<br>K203005 (predicate device) | Comparison |
| | Medtronic Adaptix Interbody System with Titan nanoLOC Surface Technology (K201267) Medtronic CD HORIZO NTM Spinal System (K211596) Medtronic Catalyft PL (K214011) Medtronic Anteralign TL and Voyager FNS (K214011) Anteralign LS (K222383), Capstone PTC implants and Enhanced (size 36, length of 36 mm) Capstone implants (K172199). | | |
| Technological<br>Characteristic | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd. | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd.<br>K203005 (predicate device) | Comparison |
| Features | The Mazor X System consists of the<br>following features:<br>• Preoperative planning and<br>operation<br>• Advanced 3D Visualization<br>(volume rendering)<br>• Robotic guidance and optical<br>navigation of surgical tools | The Mazor X System consists of the<br>following features:<br>• Preoperative planning and<br>operation<br>• Advanced 3D Visualization<br>(volume rendering)<br>• Mazor X Align<br>• Robotic guidance of surgical<br>tools | Identical |
| Imaging<br>Modalities | • CT and Fluoro based imaging<br>• X-ray based imaging (Planning) | • CT and Fluoro based imaging<br>• X-ray based imaging (planning) | Identical |
| Registration<br>Features | • CT-Fluoro Merge Registration<br>• Automatic 3D Image<br>Registration (Scan and Plan) | • CT-Fluoro Merge Registration<br>• Automatic 3D Image<br>Registration (Scan and Plan) | Identical |
| Technological<br>Characteristic | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd. | Mazor X System<br>Mazor Robotics Ltd.<br>K203005 (predicate device) | Comparison |
| Planning | • Plan Entry and Target Selection | • Plan Entry and Target Selection | Identical |
| Features | • 3D Model Building | • 3D Model Building | |
| Medical Device<br>Interfaces | • O- arm Imaging System<br>• 2D C-Arm<br>• 3D C-Arm | • O- arm Imaging System<br>• 2D C-Arm<br>• 3D C-Arm…
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Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
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Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
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With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
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Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
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What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
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Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.