The RMU-1000 ACC is intended for use as an adjunct to manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when effective manual CPR is not possible (e.g., during patient transport, or extended CPR when fatigue may prohibit the delivery of effective/consistent compressions to the victim, or when insufficient personnel are available to provide effective CPR). Caution: Federal Law (USA) restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician.
Device Story
Portable, battery-powered mechanical chest compressor for adult cardiac arrest patients. System comprises backboard, frame, and compression module with piston drive. Operated by emergency personnel in-hospital or out-of-hospital, including transport. User initiates via power button, adjusts piston height to chest size, and selects compression mode (continuous or with ventilation pause). Device provides consistent rate/depth compressions per AHA guidelines. Piston uses replaceable patient interface pad. Powered by rechargeable lithium-ion battery or external supply. Includes USB port for maintenance/data download. Benefits include consistent, uninterrupted CPR delivery when manual efforts are compromised by fatigue or logistics.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Includes hardware verification, software validation, design validation, and compression waveform comparison. Safety testing performed per IEC 60601-1, IEC 60601-1-2, and IEC 62133.
Technological Characteristics
Portable, battery-powered mechanical chest compressor. Components: backboard, frame, compression module. Actuation: DC motor driving screw-drive piston. Power: rechargeable lithium-ion battery or external DC source. Connectivity: USB port for maintenance. Software: embedded control for compression parameters and height adjustment. Standards: IEC 60601-1 (safety), IEC 60601-1-2 (EMC), IEC 62133 (batteries).
Indications for Use
Indicated for adult patients in cardiac arrest as an adjunct to manual CPR when effective manual CPR is not possible due to transport, provider fatigue, or insufficient personnel.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An external cardiac compressor is an externally applied prescription device that is electrically, pneumatically, or manually powered and is used to compress the chest periodically in the region of the heart to provide blood flow during cardiac arrest. External cardiac compressor devices are used as an adjunct to manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when effective manual CPR is not possible (e.g., during patient transport or extended CPR when fatigue may prohibit the delivery of effective/consistent compressions to the victim, or when insufficient EMS personnel are available to provide effective CPR).
Special Controls
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). The special controls for this device are:(1) Nonclinical performance testing under simulated physiological conditions must demonstrate the reliability of the delivery of specific compression depth and rate over the intended duration of use.
(2) Labeling must include the following:
(i) The clinical training necessary for the safe use of this device;
(ii) Adjunctive use only indication prominently displayed on labels physically placed on the device and in any device manuals or other labeling;
(iii) Information on the patient population for which the device has been demonstrated to be effective (including patient size and/or age limitations,
*e.g.,* adult, pediatric and/or infant); and(iv) Information on the time necessary to deploy the device as demonstrated in the performance testing.
(3) For devices that incorporate electrical components, appropriate analysis and testing must demonstrate that the device is electrically safe and electromagnetically compatible in its intended use environment.
(4) Human factors testing and analysis must validate that the device design and labeling are sufficient for effective use by the intended user, including an evaluation for the time necessary to deploy the device.
(5) For devices containing software, software verification, validation, and hazard analysis must be performed.
(6) Components of the device that come into human contact must be demonstrated to be biocompatible.
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Image /page/0/Picture/1 description: The image is a black and white logo for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The logo features a stylized image of an eagle or bird with three profiles of human faces incorporated into its design. The text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES - USA" is arranged in a circular pattern around the bird image.
Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Center - WO66-G609 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
October 27, 2014
Defibtech, LLC Mr. Ed Horton Vice President Quality Assurance and Regulatory Affairs 741 Boston Post Rd., Suite 201 Guilford, CT 06437
Re: K141809
Trade/Device Name: RMU-1000 Automated Chest Compressor (ACC) System Regulation Number: 21 CFR 870.5200 Regulation Name: External Cardiac Compressor Regulatory Class: Class III Product Code: DRM Dated: October 3, 2014 Received: October 6, 2014
Dear Mr. Horton:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food. Drug. and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting (reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements as set
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forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm. Also, please note the regulation entitled. "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Industry and Consumer Education at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm.
Sincerely yours.
M.A.Hilleman
Br
for
Bram D. Zuckerman, M.D. Director Division of Cardiovascular Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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#### Indications for Use Statement
Ver/ 3 - 4/24/96
510(k) Number (if known): K141809
Date Prepared: October 2014
Applicant
Defibtech, LLC
#### Device Name
RMU-1000 Automated Chest Compression (ACC) System
#### Indications For Use
The RMU-1000 ACC is intended for use as an adjunct to manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when effective manual CPR is not possible (e.g., during patient transport, or extended CPR when fatigue may prohibit the delivery of effective/consistent compressions to the victim, or when insufficient personnel are available to provide effective CPR).
Caution: Federal Law (USA) restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician.
X Prescription Use (Per 21 CFR 801.109)
AND/OR
Over-the-counter Use (Per 21 CFR 807 Subpart C)
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE - CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
(Per 21 CFR 801.109)
(Optional Format 1-2-96)
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510(k) Summary
#K141809
page 1 of 5
### 510(k) Summary
### 1. Date Summary Prepared
October 17, 2014
#### 2. 510(k) Owner Information
Defibtech, LLC 741 Boston Post Road Guilford, CT 06437
### 3. Primary Contact Information
Mr. Ed Horton Vice-President, Quality Assurance & Regulatory Affairs Defibtech, LLC 741 Boston Post Road Guilford, CT 06437
Phone: 203-453-6651, extension 138 Fax: 203-453-6657 Email: ehorton@defibtech.com
### 4. Trade (Proprietary) Name
RMU-1000 Automated Chest Compression (ACC) System
## 5. Common Name
Mechanical chest compressor
### 6. Regulation/Classification Name and Code
External Cardiac Compressor (product code DRM)
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510(k) Summary #K141809 page 2 of 5
### 7. Regulation/Classification Code
### 21 CFR 870.5200
### 8. Predicate Device Information
The predicate device is the LUCAS Chest Compression System, which has been previously cleared in various 510(k) submissions. The RMU-1000 ACC is substantially equivalent in performance and safety to the LUCAS and accessories cleared under the following:
| Proprietary Name | Manufacturer | Submission Number |
|---------------------------------|--------------|-------------------|
| LUCAS2 Chest Compression System | Jolife AB | #K090422 |
### 9. Device Description
The RMU-1000 Automated Chest Compression (ACC) System is an automated, portable, battery-powered device that provides chest compressions on adult patients who have cardiac arrest. The RMU-1000 ACC, when applied to a patient who is unconscious and not breathing, is designed to:
- · Provide consistent depth and rate chest compressions.
- Allow for automated chest compressions in both the in-hospital and out of hospital settings, including during patient transport.
- · Be applied to the patient with minimal interruption of CPR.
The major elements of the RMU-1000 ACC are the Backboard, Frame and Compression Module. The Backboard is placed under the patient to provide a base for the RMU-1000 ACC system. The Frame is placed over the patient and snaps into the Backboard with two self-locking latches, one on each side of the Frame. The Compression Module mounts into the Frame and contains the user interface, the replaceable lithium ion battery and the piston drive (and motor) used to generate the chest compressions. A replaceable, single-use Patient Interface Pad at the distal end of the Piston contacts the patient's chest and serves to soften the edges of the Piston during compressions.
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Compression rate and depth, performed according to current American Heart Association (AHA) and other internationally-recognized resuscitation guidelines, are initiated using a simple three-step operational sequence once the RMU-1000 ACC has been applied to a patient:
- the Compression Module is turned on by pressing the power button;
- the Piston height adjusted for the patient's chest size by pressing the appropriate height ● adjust button; and
- the appropriate compressions button pushed (either continuous compressions or an ● automatic pause for breaths).
Additional user interface features include a compression pause function button, service warning indicator, warning mute button, and battery capacity gauge.
The RMU-1000 ACC can be operated using a replaceable, rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack or with an external power supply. A fully-charged, new battery can provide continuous operation for over an hour and can be recharged while in the Compression Module.
A USB port on the Compression Module allows maintenance functions to be performed (outside of emergency use) through a connection to a personal computer.
The RMU-1000 ACC fits in a carry case that holds all the various System elements and accessories, spares (optional) and labeling.
## 10. Indications for Use/Intended Use
## Indications for Use
The RMU-1000 ACC is intended for use as an adjunct to manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when effective manual CPR is not possible (e.g., during patient transport, or extended CPR when fatigue may prohibit the delivery of effective/consistent compressions to the victim, or when insufficient personnel are available to provide effective CPR).
Caution: Federal Law (USA) restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician.
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### 11. Comparison of Technology Characteristics
The operating principles and basic design of the RMU-1000 ACC are the same as those in the LUCAS 2 predicate device. These similarities also include device features, such as the compression mechanism, power sources, deployment operations, and user interface controls. The patient characteristics that the devices treat are similar (adult patients) and compression parameters given to the patients are the same for both devices. Both the Defibtech RMU-1000 and the predicate use a DC motor that powered by a rechargeable battery or an external DC source that in turn drives screw drive piston. And both devices are designed to meet the same resuscitation guideline recommendations, marketed for the same clinical applications and used by the same types of users in similar use environments.
In comparison, the technology differences between the RMU-1000 ACC and the predicate device includes an electronically driven piston height adjustment, the ability to download internal memory stored in the Compression Module when the RMU-1000 ACC is not being used in an emergency, the use of a lithium-ion battery chemistry and a mechanical patient interface pad design. The differences between the devices are not significantly clinically different and are related to design enhancements for users and implementation decisions. The indications for use of the RMU-1000 ACC reflect the September 11, 2013 FDA Circulatory Systems Device Panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee meeting and FDA's proposed reclassification of this product code into class II (reference 78 FR 49272, August 13, 2013, Docket No. FDA-2013-N-0001), whereas the predicate's indications for use statement does not consider the current regulatory developments for this device classification type.
## 12. Performance testing
The RMU-1000 ACC uses the same underlying technologies to provide functionally equivalent performance characteristics as the predicate device. Testing, including hardware verification, software validation, design validation, and compression waveform comparison, demonstrates that the DDU-1000 meets functional and/or performance specifications. Safety testing, including IEC 60601-1 for the "Medical electric equipment : General requirements for basic safety and essential performance", IEC 60601-1-2 for "General Requirements for Safety - Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic compatibility -Requirements and Tests" and IEC 62133 "Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications," assures compliance with applicable industry safety standards.
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510(k) Summary #K141809 page 5 of 5
# 13. Conclusion Summary of Safety and Effectiveness
Testing and performance evaluations demonstrate that the RMU-1000 ACC is substantially equivalent to the predicate device. The introduction of the RMU-1000 ACC does not present new issues of safety or effectiveness.
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Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
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1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
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Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
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With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
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What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
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Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.