The Trio monitor is intended for use in healthcare settings under the direct supervision of a licensed healthcare practitioner. The intended use of the monitor is to monitor physiologic parameter data on adult and pediatric patients. Physiologic data includes: electrocardiogram, invasive blood pressure, non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), pulse oximetry, heart rate (derived from ECG, SpO2 or NIBP), respiration, and temperature as summarized in the operating instructions manual. The information can be displayed, stored, trended and printed.
Device Story
Trio Monitor is a multi-parameter patient monitor for clinical settings; operated by healthcare practitioners. Inputs include ECG (3/5-lead), temperature, SpO2, invasive blood pressure, non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), and respiration. Device processes these signals to display, store, trend, and print digital data and waveforms (ECG, Pleth, IBP, Respiration). Key functionality includes heart rate derivation from ECG, SpO2, or NIBP. Modifications from predicate include NIBP-derived heart rate and UI updates (screen layout, fonts, colors). Device provides real-time physiologic data to clinicians to support patient assessment and decision-making. Can be mounted on rolling stands, walls, bed rails, or used as a tabletop unit. Optional thermal recorder provides hard copies.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. Validation included requirements specification review, hardware and software testing, code design/reviews, environmental testing, safety testing, performance testing, and risk analysis. Testing confirmed the accuracy and safety of deriving heart rate from NIBP.
Technological Characteristics
Multi-parameter monitor; 3/4 trace display. Parameters: ECG, Temp, SpO2, IBP, NIBP, Respiration. Connectivity: Standalone with optional thermal recorder. Mounting: Rolling stand, wall, bed rail, or tabletop. Software: Embedded firmware for signal processing and UI management.
Indications for Use
Indicated for adult and pediatric patients in healthcare settings for monitoring ECG, invasive/non-invasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry, heart rate, respiration, and temperature. Not for home use. Not intended or validated as an apnea monitor.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A cardiac monitor (including cardiotachometer and rate alarm) is a device used to measure the heart rate from an analog signal produced by an electrocardiograph, vectorcardiograph, or blood pressure monitor. This device may sound an alarm when the heart rate falls outside preset upper and lower limits.
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K041907
page 1 of 3
# JUL 2 3 2004
## 510(k) Summary of Safety and Effectiveness
| Date: | June 10, 2004 |
|-----------------|------------------------------------------------|
| Submitter: | Patient Monitoring Division<br>Datascope Corp. |
| Contact Person: | Susan E. Mandy |
| | Director, Clinical & Regulatory Affairs |
| | Patient Monitoring Division |
| | Datascope Corp. |
| | Telephone: (201) 995-8025 |
| | Fax: (201) 995-8605 |
Device trade name: Trio Monitor
Common/usual name: Physiological Patient Monitor
## Classification name:
| 21 CFR 870.1100 | Blood pressure alarm |
|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| 21 CFR 870.1130 | Noninvasive blood pressure measurement systems |
| 21 CFR 870.1110 | Blood pressure computer |
| 21 CFR 870.2300 | Cardiac monitor (including cardiotachometer and rate alarm) |
| 21 CFR 870.2340 | Electrocardiograph |
| 21 CFR 870.2700 | Oximeter |
| 21 CFR 880.2910 | Clinical electronic thermometers |
- Device Description: Mindray Bio-Medical Co. Ltd., previously known as Caymans Mindray Medical Electronic Company of Shenzen, China, manufactures the Trio monitor for Datascope Corp.
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### Background:
The FDA cleared the Trio monitor to market under 510(k) K032338 on February 11, 2004. Datascope Corp. has modified the Trio monitor to include Heart Rate derived from Non-Invasive Blood Pressure. Datascope has also made some minor modifications to the Trio monitor as a result of feedback received from both domestic and international customers, and from an October 2002 focus group, referenced on page 228 of K032338, submitted to the FDA on July 28, 2003. These modifications include the replacement of the "Freeze" key with a "Normal Screen" key, minor user interface display formatting modifications, e.g., changes to fonts, colors, screen layout, as well as user preferred default selections.
#### Purpose:
The ability to derive Heart Rate from the Non-Invasive Blood Pressure parameter is the subject of this 510(k) submission. In the previous Trio submission, Heart Rate was derived from ECG and SpO2. The description of the Trio monitor remains the same as in the original 510(k) K032338, submitted to the FDA, July 28, 2003 and is provided below. Datascope Corp. incorporates by reference Trio monitor 510(k) submission K0323338.
The Trio monitor is a three or four trace patient monitor that can be mounted on a rolling stand, wall mount bracket, bed rail, or operated as a tabletop device. The patient parameters that can be monitored on the Trio are: ECG (3-lead or 5- lead selectable), Temperature, SpO2, Invasive Blood Pressure, Respiration and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure. Digital displays are provided for Heart Rate, Pulse Rate, Pulse Oximetry, Non-Invasive Blood Pressure, Respiration Rate, Invasive Blood Pressure (optional) and Temperature. Waveform displays are provided for ECG, Pleth, Invasive Blood Pressure (optional) and Respiration. The optional built-in thermal recorder provides hard copies of all digital data and waveforms, as well as Tabular and Graphic Trend information.
#### Intended Use:
The Trio monitor is intended for use in healthcare settings under the direct supervision of a licensed healthcare practitioner. The intended use of the monitor is to monitor physiologic parameter data on adult and pediatric patients. Physiologic data includes: electrocardiogram, invasive blood pressure, non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), pulse oximetry, heart rate (derived from ECG, SpO2 or NIBP), respiration, and temperature as summarized in the operating instructions manual. The information can be displayed, stored, trended and printed.
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The Trio monitor employs the same functional technology as the predicate Technology: devices.
The Trio monitor complies with the voluntary standards identified in Test Summary: section six of this submission. During the development process of the Trio monitor described in K032338, the following activities were completed:
- Requirements specification review .
- . Hardware and software testing
- Code design and code reviews .
- Environmental testing .
- . Safety testing
- Performance testing .
- Risk Analysis .
- Hardware and Software validation .
Testing and documentation, related to the ability of the Trio monitor to derive Heart Rate from Non-Invasive Blood Pressure, is included in this 510(k) submission, sections five, seven, and eight.
#### The results of these measurements demonstrated that the Trio monitor is as Conclusion: safe, as effective and performs as well, as the predicate devices.
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Image /page/3/Picture/2 description: The image shows the logo for the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The logo is circular, with the words "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES - USA" arranged around the top half of the circle. Inside the circle is a stylized symbol that resembles three human profiles facing to the right, stacked on top of each other.
Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850
JUL 2 3 2004
Datascope Corp. c/o Mr. Bahram Barzideh Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. 1285 Walt Whitman Rd. Melville, NY 11747
Re: K041907
Trade Name: Trio Monitor Regulation Number: 21 CFR 870.2300 Regulation Name: 21 OF CF 81 8126 including cardiotachometer and rate alarm) Regulatory Class: II (two) Product Code: MWI -Dated: July 13, 2004 Received: July 15, 2004
Dear Mr. Barzideh:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device we nave teviewed your becamed the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications felerenced above and nave usements of a legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate for use stated in the encrobate) to regionent date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to commerce phor to may 20, 1978, are excerdance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, devices mat nave been receasined trequire approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The r ou may, mereloro, manes of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of general controls provisions of wactice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it If your device is elassified (600 a00 rols. Existing major regulations affecting your device can Inay be subject to sach adational cegulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
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Page 2 – Mr Bahram Barzideh
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean Please be advised that 1271 3 lossanted or our device complies with other requirements of the Act that TDA has made a determinations administered by other Federal agencies. You must of ally Federal statutes and regulations and limited to: registration and listing (21 comply with an the Act stequirements, morealing, and manufacturing practice requirements as set CFK Part 807), falcing (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic forth in the quality systems (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050. product radiation control providens (esting your device as described in your Section 510(k) I ms letter will anow you to oegin maning of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally premarket nothleadon. The PDA mailing of baction for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please If you desire specific advice for Jour act (301) 594-4648. Also, please note the regulation entitled, Colliact the Office of Compilance market notification" (21CFR Part 807.97). You may obtain Misoranumly by reference to prenessibilities under the Act from the Division of Small other general international and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/dsma/dsmamain.html
Sincerely yours,
Neil Ry Ogl for
Bram D. Zuckerman, M.D.
Director Division of Cardiovascular Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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K041907
# Indication for Use
510(k) Number (if known): K041907
Device Name: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Indications for Use:
# INDICATION FOR USE STATEMENT
The Trio™ monitor is intended for use in healthcare settings under the direct supervision of a licensed healthcare practitioner. The intended use of the monitor is to monitor physiologic parameter data on adult and pediatric patients. Physiologic data includes: electrocardiogram, invasive blood pressure, non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), pulse oximetry, heart rate (derived from ECG, SpO2 or NIBP), respiration and temperature as summarized in the operating instructions manual. The information can be displayed, stored, trended and printed.
The monitor is not intended for home use. The monitor is not intended to be an apnea monitor. It was not designed or validated for use as an apnea monitor
AND/OR Prescription Use X (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 807 Subpart C)
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
Neil L. Ogden
ivision of Cardiovascular Devices
510(k) Number K041907
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Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.