The decimal Bolus product is placed on the skin of a patient with the intended use and primary purpose of helping control the dose received by that patient when undergoing radiation therapy treatment. decimal Bolus devices will be manufactured according to the unique, patient-specific shape requested by a clinical customer.
Device Story
decimal Bolus is a custom-manufactured, patient-specific solid material (rigid or flexible/rubber-like) placed on patient skin during radiation therapy. Designed by radiation therapy professionals to match unique patient anatomy; acts as a 'build-up' region to increase dose at the skin surface for superficial tumors. Used in clinical radiation therapy settings; clinicians design the device using external software tools, then test and approve the final physical bolus prior to patient application. Benefits include improved fit, day-to-day reproducibility, and reduced air gaps compared to generic bolus products, ensuring precise dose control.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical testing performed. Substantial equivalence and safety demonstrated via bench testing and clinically oriented validation test cases executed by manufacturer personnel and hospital partners. Testing confirmed homogeneous material composition and performance equal to or better than the predicate device.
Technological Characteristics
Custom-manufactured, patient-specific bolus. Materials: skin-safe, homogeneous, rigid or flexible/rubber-like. Form factor: unique 3D shape based on patient anatomy. Connectivity: relies on external software tools for design. Sterilization: not specified. Operation: passive radiation dose modifier.
Indications for Use
Indicated for patients receiving radiation therapy for various disease types and locations requiring dose modification at the skin surface. Intended for use by radiation therapy professionals to control radiation dose delivery.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A medical charged-particle radiation therapy system is a device that produces by acceleration high energy charged particles (e.g., electrons and protons) intended for use in radiation therapy. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, treatment planning computer programs, component parts, and accessories.
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July 1, 2021
Image /page/0/Picture/1 description: The image shows the logo of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The logo consists of two parts: on the left, there is a seal with an eagle emblem, and on the right, there is the text "FDA U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION" in blue. The text is arranged in three lines, with "FDA" in a larger font size and a blue square behind it.
.decimal, LLC % Kevin Erhart, Ph.D. President/CTO 121 Central Park Place SANFORD FL 32771
Re: K211511
Trade/Device Name: decimal Bolus Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892.5050 Regulation Name: Medical charged-particle radiation therapy system Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: MUJ, IXI Dated: April 22, 2021 Received: May 14, 2021
Dear Dr. Erhart:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmp/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see
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https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about medical devices and radiation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
For
Thalia T. Mills, Ph.D. Director Division of Radiological Health OHT7: Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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## Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K211511
Device Name decimal Bolus
#### Indications for Use (Describe)
The decimal Bolus product is a solid piece of material (rigid or rubber-like) that will be placed on the skin of a patient with the intended use and primary purpose of helping control the dose received by that patient when undergoing radiation therapy treatment. decimal Bolus devices are designed by radiation therapy professionals to a unique shape that is specific to each patient being treated. The device is intended to modify the dose delivered during a radiation therapy treatment. As this product is a simple general purpose bolus device, the intended patient population and indications for use are quite broad. The most common indications for use are for the treatment of patients receiving radiation therapy, which encompasses a wide range of potential disease types and locations. As such, these devices will be required to have a wide range of potential shapes, sizes, and material properties and each device must be tested and approved by the radiation therapy professional prior to use on a patient.
X Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
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Image /page/3/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for .decimal, a company that provides custom radiation therapy. The logo is a combination of the word ".decimal" in blue and gray, with the registered trademark symbol next to it. Below the logo is the tagline "The benchmark for custom radiation therapy" in a smaller font.
Section 5 K211511 510(k) Summary
Section 807.87 (h) A 510(k) Summary as described in Section 807.92
# Premarket Notification [510(k)] Summary as required by 21 CFR 807.92
#### Date summary was prepared:
April 22, 2021
### Submitter's Name:
.decimal, LLC. 121 Central Park PL Sanford, Florida 32771
### Contact Person:
Kevin Erhart, PhD President/Chief Technology Officer Phone: 407-330-3300 407-322-7546 Fax: Email:kerhart@dotdecimal.com
#### Device Name:
decimal Bolus
#### Common Name:
Bolus / Custom Bolus
#### Classification Name:
MUJ, IXI 21 CFR 892.5050 Medical charged-particle radiation therapy system Class II
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Image /page/4/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for ".decimal", a company that provides custom radiation therapy. The word ".decimal" is written in a sans-serif font, with the ".d" in blue and the rest of the word in gray. Below the logo is the tagline "The benchmark for custom radiation therapy."
## Device Description:
The decimal Bolus product is a solid piece of material (rigid or rubber-like) that will be placed on the skin of a patient with the intended use and primary purpose of helping control the dose received by that patient when undergoing radiation therapy treatment. decimal Bolus devices will be manufactured according to the unique, patient-specific shape requested by a clinical customer. Trained radiation therapy professionals will create the bolus device design. In the most common use case, the devices are designed to increase the dose that will be delivered at the patient's skin surface for the treatment of superficial tumors. In this case the decimal Bolus operates as a "build-up" region, which is necessary as radiation dose is typically at its maximum strength slightly below the entrance surface. Such treatments may occur anywhere on a patient's body. As such, these devices will be required to have a wide range of potential shapes and sizes and material properties.
## Predicate Device:
.decimal Bolus Compensator K091911
#### Intended Use:
The decimal Bolus product is placed on the skin of a patient with the intended use and primary purpose of helping control the dose received by that patient when undergoing radiation therapy treatment. decimal Bolus devices will be manufactured according to the unique, patient-specific shape requested by a clinical customer.
#### Indications for Use:
The decimal Bolus product is a solid piece of material that will be placed on the skin of a patient with the intended use and primary purpose of helping control the dose received by that patient when undergoing radiation therapy treatment. decimal Bolus devices are designed by radiation therapy professionals to a unique shape that is specific to each patient being treated. The device is intended to modify the dose delivered during a radiation therapy treatment. As this product is a simple general purpose bolus device, the intended patient population and indications for use are quite broad. The most common indications for use are for the treatment of patients receiving radiation therapy, which encompasses a wide range of potential disease types and locations. As such, these devices will be required to have a wide range of potential shapes, sizes, and material properties and each device must be tested and approved by a radiation therapy professional prior to use on a patient.
#### Summary of Technological Characteristics:
The decimal Bolus device is substantially equivalent to the listed predicate device as well as many other off-the-shelf generic bolus products. Much like the Bolus Compensator predicate, the decimal Bolus device is custom manufactured to the unique size and shape
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Image /page/5/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for ".decimal", a company that provides solutions for custom radiation therapy. The logo features the word ".decimal" in a combination of blue and gray, with a registered trademark symbol next to the word. Below the logo is the tagline "The benchmark for custom radiation therapy".
of an individual patient to improve the fit and improve day-to-day reproducibility. Both devices rely on external software tools to aid clinicians in designing the devices, and both also require the clinical end users to test and approve the devices for their individual patients prior to use. The new device and the predicate both are constructed from skinsafe, homogeneous materials and are used to control the dose delivered to patients when undergoing radiation therapy treatments. Unlike the predicate, the decimal Bolus device may use flexible material, improving the fit and comfort for the patient and reducing the likelihood of undesirable air gaps between the bolus and patient skin. As the design, end use, and acceptance testing of the product is the same as the predicate, the changes in material and manufacturing approaches do not impact the safety or risk associated with use of the device.
#### Summary of Non-Clinical Testing:
Clinical testing was not performed as part of the development of this product. Clinical testing is not advantageous in demonstrating substantial equivalence, safety, or effectiveness of the device since testing can be performed such that no human subjects are exposed to risk. Clinically oriented validation test cases were written and executed by .decimal personnel and hospital-based testing partners where this device was deemed safe and effective for clinical use. This testing showed that this design provides well-fitting bolus devices, with homogeneous material composition, performing as well or better than the predicate device in all areas tested, indicating the decimal Bolus device is safe for routine clinical use. These validation tests are documented in section 18 herein.
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Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
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Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.