ETEST® is a manual, quantitative technique for determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of non-fastidious Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria and fastidious bacteria. The system comprises a predefined antibiotic gradient which is used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC, in ug/mL) of different antimicrobial agents against microorganisms tested on agar media after overnight incubation. Delafloxacin has been shown to be active against the aerobic microorganisms listed below according to the FDA label for this antimicrobial agent. ETEST® DFX can be used to determine the MIC of Delafloxacin against the following microorganisms: Active both in vitro and in clinical infections: Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains) Staphylococcus haemolyticus Staphylococcus lugdunensis Enterococcus faecalis Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Device Story
ETEST® is a manual, quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility test. Device consists of a thin, inert, non-porous plastic strip with a predefined antibiotic gradient on one side and an MIC reading scale on the other. In clinical or laboratory settings, the strip is applied to an inoculated agar surface. The antibiotic gradient transfers into the agar, forming a stable, continuous, exponential concentration gradient. Following overnight incubation, bacterial growth forms a symmetrical inhibition ellipse centered along the strip. The MIC value is determined by observing the point where the ellipse intersects the strip scale. Healthcare providers use these MIC results to guide antibiotic therapy decisions for patients with bacterial infections. The device provides a standardized method for determining susceptibility, aiding in the selection of effective antimicrobial treatments.
Clinical Evidence
Performance evaluated via external studies comparing ETEST® Delafloxacin to CLSI broth microdilution reference method using clinical isolates and challenge strains. Results: S. aureus (EA 96.5%, CA 93.0%), S. haemolyticus (EA 100%, CA 93.5%), S. lugdunensis (EA 100%), E. faecalis (EA 100%, CA 96.1%), and P. aeruginosa (EA 98.5%, CA 95.5%). Reproducibility was 100% (best/worst case). Quality control results were within range >95% of the time.
Technological Characteristics
Thin, inert, non-porous plastic strip with predefined antibiotic gradient. Manual application to agar media. Quantitative MIC determination via inhibition ellipse intersection. No electronic components, software, or energy source. Sterilization not specified.
Indications for Use
Indicated for determining the MIC of Delafloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA), Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in non-fastidious Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An antimicrobial susceptibility test powder is a device that consists of an antimicrobial drug powder packaged in vials in specified amounts and intended for use in clinical laboratories for determining in vitro susceptibility of bacterial pathogens to these therapeutic agents. Test results are used to determine the antimicrobial agent of choice in the treatment of bacterial diseases.
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FDA
U.S. FOOD & DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
# 510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION DECISION SUMMARY
ASSAY ONLY
## I Background Information:
A 510(k) Number
K192738
B Applicant
bioMérieux SA
C Proprietary and Established Names
ETEST Delafloxacin (DFX) (0.002-32 µg/mL)
D Regulatory Information
| Product Code(s) | Classification | Regulation Section | Panel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| JWY | Class II | 21 CFR 866.1640 - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Powder | MI - Microbiology |
## II Submission/Device Overview:
A Purpose for Submission:
To obtain a substantial equivalence determination for delafloxacin at concentrations of 0.002 – 32 µg/mL for susceptibility testing of Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic organisms with ETEST.
B Measurand:
Delafloxacin 0.002 – 32 µg/mL
C Type of Test:
Quantitative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test growth-based detection
Food and Drug Administration
10903 New Hampshire Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
www.fda.gov
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K192738 - Page 2 of 11
# III Intended Use/Indications for Use:
## A Intended Use(s):
See Indications for Use below.
## B Indication(s) for Use:
ETEST is a manual, quantitative technique for determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of non-fastidious Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria and fastidious bacteria. The system comprises a predefined antibiotic gradient which is used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC, in $\mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}$) of different antimicrobial agents against microorganisms tested on agar media after overnight incubation.
Delafloxacin has been shown to be active against the aerobic microorganisms listed below according to the FDA label for this antimicrobial agent.
ETEST DFX can be used to determine the MIC of Delafloxacin against the following microorganisms:
Active both *in vitro* and in clinical infections:
- Gram-positive bacteria: *Staphylococcus aureus* (including methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains)
- *Staphylococcus haemolyticus*
- *Staphylococcus lugdunensis*
- *Enterococcus faecalis*
- Gram-negative bacteria: *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
## C Special Conditions for Use Statement(s):
Rx - For Prescription Use Only
## D Special Instrument Requirements:
Manual reading only
# IV Device/System Characteristics:
## A Device Description:
The ETEST gradient technology is based on a combination of the concepts of dilution and diffusion principles for susceptibility testing.
The ETEST consists of a thin, inert, nonporous plastic strip that is used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria. One side of the strip has the minimum inhibitory
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concentration (MIC) reading scale expressed in $\mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}$. The other side of the strip contains a predefined continuous exponential gradient of antibiotic concentrations.
When the strip is applied to an inoculated agar surface, the preformed antibiotic gradient immediately transfers into the agar matrix, then forming a stable, continuous and exponential gradient of antibiotic concentrations directly underneath the strip. Bacterial growth becomes visible during incubation, and a symmetrical inhibition ellipse centered along the strip appears. The MIC value is read from the scale in terms of $\mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}$ at complete inhibition of bacterial growth, where the pointed end of the ellipse intersects the strip.
ETEST Delafloxacin contains a range of delafloxacin from 0.002 to $32~\mu \mathrm{g / mL}$.
## B Principle of Operation:
When the ETEST strip is applied to an inoculated agar surface, the preformed antibiotic gradient immediately transfers into the agar matrix, then forming a stable, continuous and exponential gradient of antibiotic concentrations directly underneath the strip. Bacteria growth becomes visible during incubation, and a symmetrical inhibition ellipse centered along the strip appears. After incubation, the MIC value is read from the scale in terms of $\mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}$ at complete inhibition of bacterial growth, where the pointed end of the ellipse intersects the strip. Since ETEST generates MIC values which fall between two-fold dilutions for interpretation, the MIC value read must be recorded to the next two-fold dilution.
## V Substantial Equivalence Information:
### A Predicate Device Name(s):
ETEST Telavancin (TLA) $(0.002 - 32\mu \mathrm{g / mL})$
### B Predicate 510(k) Number(s):
K180936
### C Comparison with Predicate(s):
| Device & Predicate Device(s): | K192738 (device) | K180936 (predicate) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Device Trade Name | ETEST Delafloxacin | ETEST Telavancin |
| General Device Characteristic Similarities | | |
| Intended Use/Indications for Use | ETEST is a manual, quantitative technique for determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of non-fastidious Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria and fastidious bacteria. The system comprises a predefined antibiotic gradient which is used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory | Same |
K192738 - Page 3 of 11
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| Device & Predicate Device(s): | K192738
(device) | K180936
(predicate) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | Concentration (MIC, in μg/mL) of different antimicrobial agents against microorganisms tested on agar media after overnight incubation. | |
| Test Design | Predefined exponential gradient of the dried and stabilized antibiotic covers a continuous concentration range across 15 two-fold dilutions of a conventional MIC method | Same |
| Antimicrobial Concentration Range | 0.002 – 32 μg/mL | Same |
| Inoculum | Isolated colonies from culture | Same |
| Incubation | 35° ± 2° C for 16 – 20 hours | Same |
| Result | MIC in μg/mL | Same |
| General Device Characteristic Differences | | |
| Claimed Organisms | • Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains)
• Staphylococcus haemolyticus
• Staphylococcus lugdunensis
• Enterococcus faecalis
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa | • Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant isolates)
• Enterococcus faecalis (vancomycin-susceptible isolates only) |
| Antibiotic | Delafloxacin | Telavancin |
VI Standards/Guidance Documents Referenced:
- Guidance for Industry and FDA - Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) Systems – August 28, 2009.
- CLSI document M07, 11th ed., “Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard, 2018”.
- CLSI M100, 29th ed., “Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Ninth Informational Supplement, January 2019”.
VII Performance Characteristics (if/when applicable):
A. Analytical Performance:
1. Precision/Reproducibility:
Reproducibility testing was conducted at three sites over three days using a twelve-organism panel that included six Staphylococcus aureus [4 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and 2 methicillin-resistant (MRSA)], two Staphylococcus haemolyticus, two Enterococcus faecalis and two Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The mode of MIC values was determined for each isolate and the reproducibility was calculated based on the number of MIC values that fell within ±1 doubling dilution of the mode.
The overall reproducibility results were acceptable at 100%.
K192738 - Page 4 of 11
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2. Linearity:
Not applicable
3. Analytical Specificity/Interference:
Not applicable
4. Assay Reportable Range:
Not applicable
5. Traceability, Stability, Expected Values (Controls, Calibrators, or Methods):
Inoculum Density Check. Inoculum density checks were performed for all quality control and for 10% of the suspensions prepared for susceptibility testing of the contemporary clinical isolates. Inoculum density checks were also performed on reproducibility organism suspensions.
The overall mean inoculum densities in colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) for isolates tested with the reference method ranged from 4.33 x 10⁵ to 5.65 x 10⁵ CFU/mL. The overall mean inoculum densities for isolates tested with the ETEST ranged from 8.66 x 10⁷ to 1.51 x 10⁸ CFU/mL.
The inoculum densities were acceptable.
Purity Check. Verification of isolate purity was conducted on all clinical, challenge and quality control organism suspensions for each ETEST inoculum and from each growth control well of the broth microdilution (BMD) reference panel.
Growth or Device Failure. Growth was observed for all organisms and no device failures occurred in the ETEST Delafloxacin clinical trial.
Quality Control Testing. The CLSI recommended QC strains (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213) were tested at least 20 times per site at four sites using both ETEST and BMD reference methods. The results are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. ETEST Delafloxacin QC Results
| QC Organism | Delafloxacin Expected Range | Delafloxacin MIC (μg/mL) | Reference (BMD) Results | ETEST Results |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| E. faecalis ATCC 29212 | 0.016 – 0.12 μg/mL | <0.016 | | |
| | | 0.016 | | |
| | | 0.03 | 16 | |
| | | 0.06 | 44 | 68 |
| | | 0.12 | 20 | 12 |
K192738 - Page 5 of 11
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| QC Organism | Delafloxacin Expected Range | Delafloxacin MIC (μg/mL) | Reference (BMD) Results | ETEST Results |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | >0.12 | | |
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | 0.12 – 0.5 μg/mL | <0.12 | | |
| | | 0.12 | 19 | 4 |
| | | 0.25 | 53 | 72 |
| | | 0.5 | 8 | 4 |
| | | >0.5 | | |
| S. aureus ATCC 29213 | 0.001 – 0.008 μg/mL | <0.001 | | |
| | | 0.002 | 41 | |
| | | 0.004 | 24 | 48 |
| | | 0.008 | 14 | 32 |
| | | >0.008 | 1^{a} | |
a Out-of-range reference result from a single day at one site (internal). The other three S. aureus ATCC 29213 QC tested that day gave results within the CLSI expected range. Therefore, QC was considered acceptable for that day.
The Quality Control results were within the recommended range > 95% of the time which is acceptable.
6. Detection Limit:
Not applicable
7. Assay Cut-Off:
Not applicable
B. Comparison Studies:
1. Method Comparison with Predicate Device:
Results obtained with ETEST Delafloxacin were compared to results obtained with the CLSI broth microdilution (BMD) reference panel. The reference panel, prepared and interpreted according to recommendations outlined in the CLSI M07 11th ed., contained two-fold serial dilutions of delafloxacin with a concentration range of 0.002 – 32 μg/mL. At the end of incubation, the MIC value obtained from the ETEST (where the complete inhibition of growth intersects the strip) was compared to MIC results obtained with the reference method. The testing conditions for ETEST consisted of the following:
- Inoculum: Direct colony suspension to achieve a suspension equivalent to a 0.5 McFarland standard suspension
- Medium: Cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth or agar
- Incubation: 35° C ± 2 for 16-20 hours
Clinical testing for ETEST Delafloxacin was evaluated at three external sites (two located within the United States and one located outside the United States). Each clinical isolate was tested one time by ETEST and BMD using the same initial standardized inoculum prepared in 0.85% saline. A total of 538 clinical isolates were tested which included 120 E. faecalis,
K192738 - Page 6 of 11
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240 S. aureus, 31 S. haemolyticus, 27 S. lugdunensis and 120 P. aeruginosa. Of the tested clinical isolates, 71.0% (382/538) were considered contemporary (i.e., tested within six months of the organism's original isolation from clinical culture) and 29.0% (156/538) were considered stock (i.e., no time limit on time from isolation prior to testing).
Challenge testing was performed at one internal site using ETEST and BMD. A total of 87 challenge isolates were tested which included 7 E. faecalis, 47 S. aureus (27 MRSA and 20 MSSA), 15 S. haemolyticus, 5 S. lugdunensis and 13 P. aeruginosa.
In total, the comparative study included 625 clinical and challenge isolates.
## Overall Performance
ETEST Delafloxacin performance observed for clinical and challenge isolates is provided below by clinical indication: Acute Bacterial and Skin Structure Infections (Table 2) and Community Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (Table 3).
Table 2: Performance of Clinical and Challenge Isolates using Breakpoints for Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI)
| Delafloxacin | Total | EA N | EA % | Eval. Total | Eval. EA N | Eval. EA % | CA N | CA % | #R | min | maj | vmj |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Enterococcus faecalis | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Clinical | 120 | 120 | 100 | 120 | 120 | 100 | 115 | 95.8 | 34 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Challenge | 7 | 7 | 100 | 7 | 7 | 100 | 7 | 100 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined | 127 | 127 | 100 | 127 | 127 | 100 | 122 | 96.1 | 35 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Clinical | 150 | 145 | 96.7 | 139 | 134 | 96.4 | 134 | 89.3 | 4 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
| Challenge | 27 | 25 | 92.6 | 24 | 22 | 91.7 | 25 | 92.6 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined | 177 | 170 | 96.0 | 163 | 156 | 95.7 | 159 | 89.8 | 22 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
| Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Clinical | 90 | 89 | 98.9 | 60 | 59 | 98.3 | 89 | 98.9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Challenge | 20 | 18 | 90.0 | 20 | 18 | 90.0 | 19 | 95.0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined | 110 | 107 | 97.3 | 80 | 77 | 96.3 | 108 | 98.2 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA combined) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Clinical | 240 | 234 | 97.5 | 199 | 193 | 97.0 | 223 | 92.9 | 5 | 17 | 0 | 0 |
| Challenge | 47 | 43 | 91.5 | 44 | 40 | 90.9 | 44 | 93.6 | 24 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined | 287 | 277 | 96.5 | 243 | 233 | 95.9 | 267 | 93.0 | 29 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Clinical | 31 | 31 | 100 | 27 | 27 | 100 | 28 | 90.3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Challenge | 15 | 15 | 100 | 15 | 15 | 100 | 15 | 100 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined | 46 | 46 | 100 | 42 | 42 | 100 | 43 | 93.5 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Staphylococcus lugdunensis a | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Clinical | 27 | 27 | 100 | 26 | 26 | 100 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Challenge | 5 | 5 | 100 | 5 | 5 | 100 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Combined | 32 | 32 | 100 | 31 | 31 | 100 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Clinical | 120 | 118 | 98.3 | 112 | 110 | 98.2 | 114 | 95.0 | 25 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Challenge | 13 | 13 | 100 | 11 | 11 | 100 | 13 | 100 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined | 133 | 131 | 98.5 | 123 | 121 | 98.4 | 127 | 95.5 | 30 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
n/a: Not applicable due to the lack of breakpoints
a Category agreement and error calculations were not made because Delafloxacin breakpoints for S. lugdunensis were not established by the FDA.
K192738 - Page 7 of 11
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EA - Essential Agreement
CA - Category Agreement
EVAL - Evaluable isolates
NS - Non-susceptible isolates
min - minor errors
maj - major errors
vmj - very major errors
Essential Agreement (EA) is when the ETEST result agrees exactly or within one doubling dilution of the reference broth microdilution result. Category Agreement (CA) is when the ETEST result interpretation agrees exactly with the reference broth microdilution result interpretation.
Table 3: Performance of Clinical and Challenge Isolates using Breakpoints for Community Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) $^{a}$
| Delafloxacin | Total | EA N | EA % | Eval. Total | Eval. EA N | Eval. EA % | CA N | CA % | #R | min | maj | vmj |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA a) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Clinical | 90 | 89 | 98.9 | 60 | 59 | 98.3 | 82 | 91.1 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Challenge | 20 | 18 | 90.0 | 20 | 18 | 90.0 | 19 | 95.0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined | 110 | 107 | 97.3 | 80 | 77 | 96.3 | 101 | 91.8 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa b | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Clinical | 120 | 118 | 98.3 | 112 | 110 | 98.2 | 114 | 95.0 | 25 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Challenge | 13 | 13 | 100 | 11 | 11 | 100 | 13 | 100 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined | 133 | 131 | 98.5 | 123 | 121 | 98.4 | 127 | 95.5 | 30 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
$^{a}$ Data was analyzed using CABP breakpoints for MSSA only. Breakpoints are not established for MRSA for this indication.
b Performance for testing $P$ aeruginosa was identical for ABSSSI and CABP. Breakpoints for $P$ aeruginosa for both ABSSSI and CABP indications are the same.
ETEST Delafloxacin performance for each organism group was acceptable with both essential agreement and categorical agreement $>90\%$ and zero major or very major errors.
According to the FDA drug label, delafloxacin is active both in vitro and in clinical infections against S. lugdunensis. At the time of testing, breakpoints for delafloxacin and S. lugdunensis had not been established; therefore, categorical agreement could not be determined. The following statement is included in the device labeling as a footnote to the performance table:
Category Agreement is not calculated because Delafloxacin breakpoints for S. lugdunensis were not established by the FDA.
To address testing and reporting of non-indicated species, the following statement is included in the Warnings and Precautions section of the device labeling:
Per the FDA-Recognized Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria website, the safety and efficacy of antimicrobial drugs, for which antimicrobial susceptibility is tested by this AST device, may or may not have been established in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials for treating clinical infections due to microorganisms outside of those found in the indications and usage in the drug label. The clinical significance of susceptibility information in those instances is unknown. The approved labeling for specific antimicrobial drugs provides the uses for which the antimicrobial drug is approved.
K192738 - Page 8 of 11
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# Inoculator and ETEST Strip Applicator Options
Culture media plates for ETEST can be inoculated and streaked by swabs manually or with the RETRO C80 inoculator. ETEST strips can be applied onto inoculated media using forceps or the NEMA C88 vacuum pen.
The ETEST Delafloxacin studies used both inoculation and strip application methods. The following statement is included as a footnote to the performance table in the device labeling:
The optional inoculator and ETEST strip applicator can be used for plate inoculation and applying ETEST strips onto agar media. In the ETEST Delafloxacin clinical studies, swabs and the Inoculator RETRO C80 were used for plate inoculation/streaking and forceps and the Vacuum Pen NEMA C88 were used for ETEST strip application.
# Trending
A trending analysis was conducted using the combined data (clinical and challenge) for each organism species and group. This trending calculation analyzes device MIC values that are determined to be one or more doubling dilutions lower or higher than the reference method. MIC values that are off-scale for both the reference and device are not considered in the trending analysis.
Trending results were stratified by species to determine if species-related trends were observed (Table 4). Species for which the difference between the percentage of isolates with higher versus lower MIC values was $\geq 30\%$ and for which the confidence interval was determined to be statistically significant were considered to have evidence of trending and is addressed in labeling.
Table 4. Trending by Species (clinical and challenge isolates combined)
| Organism | Total Evaluable for Trending | ≥1 dil. Lower # (%) | Exact # (%) | ≥1 dil. Higher # (%) | Percent Difference (95% CI) | Trending Noted |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 127 | 4 (3.15) | 68 (53.54) | 55 (43.31) | 40.16% (30.64 to 49.06) | yes |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 280 | 9 (3.21) | 80 (28.57) | 191 (68.21) | 65.00% (58.69 to 70.39) | yes |
| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | 45 | 4 (8.89) | 29 (64.44) | 12 (26.67) | 17.78% (1.81 to 33.12) | no |
| Staphylococcus lugdunensis | 31 | 2 (6.45) | 27 (87.10) | 2 (6.45) | 0% (-15.01 to 15.01) | no |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 127 | 6 (4.72) | 80 (62.99) | 41 (32.28) | 27.56% (18.43 to 36.48) | no |
As noted above, a trend toward higher MIC values was observed with S. aureus and E. faecalis. The following statement is included as a footnote to the performance table in the device labeling:
ETEST Delafloxacin MIC values tended to be in exact agreement or at least one doubling dilution higher when testing Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis compared to the CLSI reference broth microdilution method.
K192738 - Page 9 of 11
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# Resistance Markers
Resistance markers for clinical isolates were identified by whole genome sequencing analysis. They consisted of genetic markers that encode $\beta$ -lactam resistance (mecA, mecC, pdc, oxa, veb, lcr-nps), mutations in defined regions of targeted bacterial enzymes that promote quinolone resistance (MexR, MexT, MexS, GyrA, ParC, ParE) or genetic markers that encode glycopeptides (vanB).
2. Matrix Comparison:
Not applicable
# C. Clinical Studies:
1. Clinical Sensitivity:
Not applicable
2. Clinical Specificity:
Not applicable
3. Other Clinical Supportive Data (When 1. and 2. Are Not Applicable):
Not applicable
# D. Clinical Cut-Off:
Not applicable
# E. Expected Values/Reference Range:
The FDA-identified susceptibility interpretive criteria for delafloxacin for Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections are listed in Table 5. The FDA-identified susceptibility interpretive criteria for delafloxacin for Community Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia are listed in Table 6.
Table 5: FDA-Identified Interpretive Criteria for Delafloxacin for Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections $(\mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL})^{\mathrm{a}}$
| Organism | Susceptible | Intermediate | Resistant |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Enterococcus faecalis | ≤0.12 | 0.25 | ≥0.5 |
| Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible isolates) | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≥1 |
| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≥1 |
| Staphylococcus lugdunensisb | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ≤0.5 | 1 | ≥2 |
a According to FDA STIC Website
K192738 - Page 10 of 11
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b Category Agreement is not calculated because Delafloxacin breakpoints for S. lugdunensis were not established by the FDA.
Table 6: FDA-Identified Interpretive Criteria for Delafloxacin for Community Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (μg/mL)ᵃ
| Organism | Susceptible | Intermediate | Resistant |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Staphylococcus aureus
(methicillin-susceptible isolates) | ≤0.12 | 0.25 | ≥0.5 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ≤0.5 | 1 | ≥2 |
ᵃ According to FDA STIC Website
VIII Proposed Labeling:
The labeling supports the finding of substantial equivalence for this device.
IX Conclusion:
The submitted information in this premarket notification is complete and supports a substantial equivalence decision.
To support the implementation of changes to FDA-recognized susceptibility test interpretive criteria (i.e., breakpoints), this submission included a breakpoint change protocol that was reviewed and accepted by FDA. This protocol addresses future revisions to device labeling in response to breakpoint changes that are recognized on the FDA STIC webpage (https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/DevelopmentResources/ucm410971.htm). The protocol outlined the specific procedures and acceptance criteria that bioMérieux intends to use to evaluate the ETEST Delafloxacin when revised breakpoints for delafloxacin are published on the FDA STIC webpage. The breakpoint change protocol included with the submission indicated that if specific criteria are met, bioMérieux will update the delafloxacin device label to include (1) the new breakpoints, (2) an updated performance section after re-evaluation of data in this premarket notification with the new breakpoints, and (3) any new limitations as determined by their evaluation.
K192738 - Page 11 of 11
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Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.