The uDR 592h, uDR 596i Radiographic system is intended to use by a qualified/trained doctor or technician on both adult and pediatric subjects for taking diagnostic radiographic exposures of the skull, spinal column, chest, abdomen, extremities, limbs and trunk .Not for mammography.
Device Story
The uDR 592h and uDR 596i are stationary digital medical X-ray systems. The system generates X-rays via a high-voltage generator and tube assembly; these are converted into digital signals by a flat-panel detector. Data is transferred via TCP/IP to image processing software. Operated by qualified doctors or technicians in clinical settings, the software supports patient administration (RIS/PACS integration), image acquisition, post-processing (zoom, pan, window/level adjustment, annotation, rotation), and transmission/filming. The system aids clinicians in diagnostic imaging by providing high-quality radiographic exposures, facilitating clinical decision-making through improved visualization of anatomical structures. Modifications in this submission include an 80kW high-voltage generator, a new X-ray tube, a new grid configuration, and an increased patient table weight capacity.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical testing was conducted. Substantial equivalence is supported by non-clinical bench testing, including performance testing and adherence to IEC 60601-1, IEC 60601-1-2, IEC 60601-1-3, and IEC 60601-2-54 standards.
Technological Characteristics
Stationary digital X-ray system. Components: 80kW high-voltage generator, X-ray tube (up to 400kHU anode heat), Mars1717XU-VSI flat panel detector, 24-inch display (1200x1920). Connectivity: DICOM 3.0, TCP/IP. Software: Moderate level of concern. Patient table supports up to 250kg. Grid: 130cm focus, 40L/cm, 8:1 ratio.
Indications for Use
Indicated for adult and pediatric patients requiring diagnostic radiographic exposures of the skull, spinal column, chest, abdomen, extremities, limbs, and trunk. Not for mammography.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A stationary x-ray system is a permanently installed diagnostic system intended to generate and control x-rays for examination of various anatomical regions. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.
Special Controls
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). A radiographic contrast tray or radiology diagnostic kit intended for use with a stationary x-ray system only is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 892.9.
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Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd. Jiading District % Xin Gao Regulatory Affairs Specialist No. 2258 Chengbei Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 201807 CHINA
### Re: K192293
Trade/Device Name: uDR 592h, uDR 596i Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892.1680 Regulation Name: Stationary x-ray system Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: MQB, KPR Dated: August 20, 2019 Received: August 23, 2019
#### Dear Xin Gao:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part
September 12, 2019
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801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about medical devices and radiation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
For
Thalia T. Mills, Ph.D. Director Division of Radiological Health OHT7: Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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# Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K192293
Device Name uDR 592h, uDR 596i
Indications for Use (Describe)
The uDR 592h, uDR596i Radiographic system is intended to use by a qualified/trained doctor or technician on both adult and pediatric subjects for taking diagnostic radiographic exposures of the skull, spinal column, chest, abdomen, extremities, limbs and trunk .Not for mammography.
| Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable) | |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <span style="font-size: 12px;">☑</span> Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) | <span style="font-size: 12px;">☐</span> Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C) |
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Image /page/3/Picture/1 description: The image contains the logo for United Imaging. The logo consists of the words "UNITED IMAGING" in bold, sans-serif font, stacked on top of each other. To the right of the text is a stylized letter "U" that is dark gray. The logo is simple and modern.
## 510 (k) SUMMARY
### K192293
- 1. Date of Prepared
August 20, 2019
### 2. Sponsor Identification
Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co.,Ltd. No.2258 Chengbei Rd. Jiading District, 201807, Shanghai, China
Contact Person: Xin GAO Position: Regulatory Affairs Specialist Tel: +86-021-67076888-5386 Fax: +86-021-67076889 Email: xin.gao@united-imaging.com
### 3. Identification of Proposed Device(s)
Trade Name: uDR 592h, uDR 596i Common Name: Digital Medical X-ray System Model(s): uDR 592h, uDR 596i
Regulatory Information Classification Name: Stationary X-Ray System Classification: II Product Code: KPR, MQB Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892. 1680 Review Panel: Radiology
### 4. Identification of Predicate Device(s)
510(k) Number: K181413 Device Name: uDR 592h, uDR 596i Manufacturer: Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co.,Ltd.
#### Regulatory Information
Classification Name: Stationary X-Ray System Classification: II Product Code: KPR, MQB Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892. 1680 Review Panel: Radiology
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Image /page/4/Picture/1 description: The image contains the logo for United Imaging. The logo consists of the words "UNITED IMAGING" in a bold, sans-serif font, stacked on top of each other. To the right of the text is a stylized "U" shape, which is dark gray. The logo is simple and modern, and the use of bold text and a geometric shape makes it easily recognizable.
## 5. Device Description
The uDR 592h, uDR 596i is a digital medical X-ray imaging system that the X-ray generated by the X-ray tube assembly is converted into digital signal through flat panel detector, finally image data using TCP/IP protocol transfers to image process software.
The software mainly has the following functions:
- A Patient Administration: supporting RIS and PACS system, register the emergency patient, dynamic real-time patient information search and display, support the display and ranking of examinations in different statuses;
- A Acquisition and post processing: selecting radiography protocol, display and adjust the exposure parameter, image acquisition and image display, provide image processing tools, such as zoom, pan, adjust window width/window level, delete all graphics, annotation and text, rotate, flip, gray invert, pixel lens, ROI zoom, cut, reload and reset;
- Image Transmission and Filming Function: image transmission to PACS server, A filming layout, filming preview, life-size filming, DVD burning function, image export and import function, supporting the USB device.
The uDR 592h, uDR 596i have been previously cleared by FDA via K181413. The modifications performed on the uDR 592h, uDR 596i (K181413) in this submission are due to the addition of an 80kW high voltage generator, x-ray tube and a new grid configuration (130 cm). Meanwhile, patient table and stitching stand have been optimized.
The modifications, which do not affect the intended use or alter the fundamental scientific technology of the device, are following:
- A Introduce a 80kW high voltage generator and X-ray tube
- Introduce a new grid configuration (focus: 130cm, grid line: 40L/cm, ratio: A 8:1)
- A Increase the maximum load weight of patient table and stitching stand.
This proposed device includes two models: uDR 592h, uDR 596i.The differences between the two models are as follows:
| Spec.<br>Model | HVG Power | Maximum Tube<br>Current | Remark |
|----------------|-----------|-------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| uDR 596i | 80kW | 1000 mA | New configuration in this<br>submission |
| uDR 596i | 65kW | 800 mA | Configuration in previous<br>submission K181413 |
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Image /page/5/Picture/1 description: The image contains the logo for United Imaging. The logo consists of the words "UNITED IMAGING" in a bold, sans-serif font, stacked on top of each other. To the right of the text is a stylized "U" symbol, which is formed by two vertical lines connected by a horizontal line at the top, with a semi-circle at the bottom.
| | 80kW | 1000 mA | New configuration in this submission |
|----------|------|---------|-------------------------------------------------|
| uDR 592h | 65kW | 800 mA | Configuration in previous<br>submission K181413 |
| | 50kW | 630 mA | Configuration in previous<br>submission K181413 |
## 6. Indications for Use
The uDR 592h, uDR 596i Radiographic system is intended to use by a qualified/trained doctor or technician on both adult and pediatric subjects for taking diagnostic radiographic exposures of the skull, spinal column, chest, abdomen, extremities, limbs and trunk. Not for mammography.
### 7. Technological Characteristic
The technology characteristics of the modified uDR 592h and uDR 596i, reflected in this 510(k) submission, do not alter the scientific technology of the devices and are substantially equivalent to those of the predicate devices.
Table 1 below provides a comparison of the technological characteristics of the proposed device in comparison to the predicate device.
| Table 1 Comparison of Technological Characteristics | | | |
|-----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
| ITEM | Predicate Device<br>uDR 592h, uDR 596i<br>(K181413) | Proposed Device<br>uDR 592h, uDR 596i | Remark |
| Specifications | | | |
| High Voltage Generator | | | |
| Rated Power | uDR 592h: 50kW, 65kW<br>uDR 596i: 65kW | uDR592h: 50kW, 65kW, 80kW<br>uDR596i: 65kW, 80kW | Note 1 |
| Max. tube Voltage | 150kV | 150kV | Same |
| Shortest exposure time | 1ms | 1ms | Same |
| X-Ray Tube Assemble | | | |
| Focus Nominal Value | 0.6mm, 1.2mm | 0.6mm, 1.2mm | Same |
| Maximum peak voltage | 150kV | 150kV | Same |
| Anode Heat Content | uDR 592h: 230kHU, 300kHU<br>uDR 596i: 300kHU | uDR 592h: 230kHU, 300kHU, 400kHU<br>uDR 596i: 300kHU, 400kHU | Note 2 |
| Anode Target Angle | 12° | 12° | Same |
| X-ray tube assembly<br>Heat content | uDR592h: 1.354 MHU /1.25 MHU | uDR592h: 1.354 MHU /1.25 MHU/1.5 MHU | Note 3 |
| ITEM | Predicate Device<br>uDR 592h, uDR 596i<br>(K181413) | Proposed Device<br>uDR 592h, uDR 596i | Remark |
| | uDR596i: 1.25MHU | uDR596i: 1.25 MHU/1.5<br>MHU | |
| Collimator | | | |
| Inherent filtration | 1mm Al | 1mm Al | Same |
| | without filter, | without filter, | |
| Copper prefilter | 0.1 mm, | 0.1 mm, | Same |
| | 0.2 mm | 0.2 mm | |
| Flat Panel Detector | | | |
| Flat Panel Detector | Mars1717XU-VSI | Mars1717XU-VSI | Same |
| Display | | | |
| Size and Resolution | 24inch, 1200x1920 | 24inch, 1200x1920 | Same |
| Standards | | | |
| DICOM | DICOM3 | DICOM3 | Same |
| Power Source | AC Line, Various | AC Line, Various voltages | Same |
| | voltages available | available | |
| Patient Table | | | |
| Table height | 68cm | 68cm | Same |
| X-ray absorption | ≤0.7mmAl | ≤0.7mmAl | Same |
| | Longitudinal: ±50cm | Longitudinal: ±50cm | Same |
| Tabletop travel | Transverse: ±12cm | Transverse: ±12cm | |
| Max. patient weight | 200kg | 250kg | Note 4 |
| Detector travel range | ≥50cm | ≥50cm | Same |
| Software functions | | | |
| Import/Export images | Yes | Yes | Same |
| Image Viewing | Yes | Yes | Same |
| Image Annotation | Yes | Yes | Same |
| Patient and study | Yes | Yes | Same |
| administration | | | |
| Store/delete/Recover | Yes | Yes | Same |
| rejected images | | | |
| Exposure Index | Yes | Yes | Same |
| monitoring | | | |
| Image documentation | Yes | Yes | Same |
| and achieving | | | |
| Automatic exposure | Yes | Yes | Same |
| control | | | |
| stitching | Only yes for uDR596i | Only yes for uDR596i | Same |
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Image /page/6/Picture/1 description: The image contains the logo for United Imaging. The logo consists of the words "UNITED IMAGING" in bold, dark blue letters, stacked on top of each other. To the right of the text is a stylized, dark blue symbol that resembles a shield with a vertical white line running down the center, creating a split effect. The overall design is clean and modern.
## Justification
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Image /page/7/Picture/1 description: The image contains the logo for United Imaging. The logo consists of two parts: the text "UNITED IMAGING" in bold, sans-serif font, and a stylized "U" symbol to the right. The "U" symbol is a dark teal color and has a white vertical line running through the center, creating a unique design. The text and symbol are aligned horizontally.
| Note ID | Justification |
|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Note 1 | The proposed device provides an additional generator configuration with rated power of 80kW compare with the predicate device. The new generator configuration with rated power of 80kW have the same clinical application with the generators in the predicated device, but it can cover more patients with bigger body size than predicated device. This difference does not affect safety and effectiveness in digital radiography. |
| Note 2 | Compare with the predicate devices, the proposed devices provide an additional tube with anode heat content of 400kHU, which are used to cooperate with the generator configuration of 80KW. This difference does not change the clinical application and does not affect safety and effectiveness in digital radiography. |
| Note 3 | The additional tube has different X-ray tube assembly Heat content compare with predicated devices, which does not change the clinical application and does not affect safety and effectiveness in digital radiography. |
| Note 4 | The patient table has bigger Max. Patient weight in proposed devices than the predicated devices. It can cover more patients with bigger body size than predicated device. This difference does not affect safety and effectiveness in digital radiography. |
## 8. Performance Data
The following performance data were provided in support of the substantial equivalence determination.
## Non-Clinical Testing
The following testing was conducted on the proposed devices:
- Performance test for uDR 596i (80KW) and uDR 592h (80KW) A
- > ES 60601-1 Medical electrical equipment Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance
- A IEC 60601-1-2 Medical electrical equipment Part 1-2: General Requirements for basic safety and essential Performance
- > IEC 60601-1-3 Medical electrical equipment Part 1-3: General Requirements for Radiation Protection in Diagnostic X-Ray Equipment
- > IEC 60601-2-54 Medical electrical equipment Part 2: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of X-ray equipment for radiography and radioscopy
The test results demonstrated that the device performs as expected and thus, it is substantially equivalent to the predicate devices to which it has been compared.
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Image /page/8/Picture/1 description: The image contains the logo for United Imaging. The words "UNITED IMAGING" are stacked on top of each other in bold, dark blue font. To the right of the words is a stylized "U" symbol, also in dark blue, with a vertical line running through the center of the "U".
## Software
- NEMA PS 3.1-3.20(2011): Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine A (DICOM)
- A IEC 62304: Medical Device Software - software life cycle process
- > Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices
- > Content of Premarket Submissions for Management of Cybersecurity in Medical Devices
### Software Verification and Validation
As a Moderate Level of Concern software per FDA' Guidance Document "Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices'', the risk analysis was completed and risk control was implemented to mitigate identified hazards. The testing results show that all the software specifications have met the acceptance criteria. Verification and validation testing of the proposed device was found acceptable to support the claim of substantial equivalence.
UNITED IMAGING HEALTHCARE conforms to the Cybersecurity requirements by implementing a process of preventing unauthorized access, modification, misuse or denial of use, or unauthorized use of information that is stored, accessed, or transferred from a medical device to an external recipient.
## Clinical Testing
No clinical testing was conducted on the proposed devices.
## 9. Conclusion
In accordance with the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 CFR Part 807 and based on the information provided in this premarket notification, we conclude that the modified uDR 592h and uDR 596i Stationary X-Ray Systems are substantially equivalent to the predicate devices. It does not introduce new indications for use, and has the same technological characteristics and does not introduce new potential hazards or safety risks.
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Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
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Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
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Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
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Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
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Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
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With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
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What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
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Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.