Psychemedics Microplate EIA for Fentanyl in Hair
Device Facts
| Record ID | K182103 |
|---|---|
| Device Name | Psychemedics Microplate EIA for Fentanyl in Hair |
| Applicant | Psychemedics Corporation |
| Product Code | DJG · Clinical Toxicology |
| Decision Date | Apr 18, 2019 |
| Decision | SESE |
| Submission Type | Traditional |
| Regulation | 21 CFR 862.3650 |
| Device Class | Class 2 |
Indications for Use
The Psychemedics Microplate EIA For Fentanyl in Hair is an in vitro diagnostic device for the qualitative detection of fentanyl in hair. The assay is intended for use in workplace settings for the qualitative analysis of human head and body hair. The assay uses a cutoff calibrator of 0.2 ng fentanyl/10 mg hair. Psychemedics plans to perform this test at one site. Psychemedics has not performed an evaluation of reproducibility at different laboratories. The Psychemedics Microplate EIA For Fentanyl in Hair provides only a preliminary analytical test result. A more specific alternate chemical method must be used to obtain a confirmed analytical result. Liquid Chromatography/Mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using deuterated internal standards in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode is the confirmatory method used by Psychemedics Corporation. This confirmatory method uses a cutoff of 0.2 ng of fentanyl/10 mg hair.
Device Story
Device performs qualitative screening for fentanyl in human hair samples; utilizes enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with competitive binding; input is hair sample digested to liquid matrix; output is preliminary qualitative result; confirmatory testing performed via LC/MS/MS on 6-12 mg hair aliquot; testing conducted at Psychemedics Corporation; results used by employers for workplace drug screening; benefits include identification of fentanyl presence in hair matrix; confirmatory method uses deuterated internal standards for normalization; system includes microplate reader, AB Sciex 6500+ MSMS, Shimadzu pumps, and autosampler.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical data. Bench testing only. Accuracy evaluated by comparing 197 hair specimens (138 male, 59 female; various hair types) against LC/MS/MS. 97 samples tested positive by EIA, 100 negative. 10 false positives identified due to cross-reactivity with structurally similar fentanyl analogs. 9 discordant samples (positive for fentanyl but not norfentanyl) attributed to environmental contamination.
Technological Characteristics
Microplate EIA screening; LC/MS/MS confirmation. Materials: BSA-fentanyl coated microplate, monoclonal mouse anti-fentanyl antibody, HRP-labeled secondary antibody, TMB substrate, 2N HCl stop solution. Instrumentation: AB Sciex 6500+ MSMS, Shimadzu LC-30AD pumps, PAL HTC-xt autosampler. Detection: 450 nm microplate reader. Cutoff: 0.2 ng fentanyl/10 mg hair. Extraction: Patented digestion method.
Indications for Use
Indicated for qualitative detection of fentanyl in human head and body hair in workplace settings. Intended for use as a preliminary screening test requiring confirmation by LC/MS/MS.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An opiate test system is a device intended to measure any of the addictive narcotic pain-relieving opiate drugs in blood, serum, urine, gastric contents, and saliva. An opiate is any natural or synthetic drug that has morphine-like pharmocological actions. The opiates include drugs such as morphine, morphine glucoronide, heroin, codeine, nalorphine, and meperedine. Measurements obtained by this device are used in the diagnosis and treatment of opiate use or overdose and in monitoring the levels of opiate administration to ensure appropriate therapy.
Special Controls
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). An opiate test system is not exempt if it is intended for any use other than employment or insurance testing or is intended for Federal drug testing programs. The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9, provided the test system is intended for employment and insurance testing and includes a statement in the labeling that the device is intended solely for use in employment and insurance testing, and does not include devices intended for Federal drug testing programs (*e.g.,* programs run by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the Department of Transportation (DOT), and the U.S. military).
Predicate Devices
- Psychemedics Opiates EIA (k111926)
Submission Summary (Full Text)
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510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION
DECISION SUMMARY
ASSAY ONLY TEMPLATE
A. 510(k) Number:
k182103
B. Purpose for Submission:
New device
C. Measurand:
Fentanyl
D. Type of Test:
Qualitative screening test: enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
Quantitative confirmatory test: LC/MS/MS
E. Applicant:
Psychemedics Corporation
F. Proprietary and Established Names:
Psychemedics Microplate EIA for Fentanyl in Hair
G. Regulatory Information:
| Product Code | Classification | Regulation Section | Panel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| DJG | Class II | 21 CFR 862.3650 | Toxicology (91) |
H. Intended Use:
1. Intended use(s):
Refer to Indications for Use below.
2. Indication(s) for use:
The Psychemedics Microplate EIA For Fentanyl in Hair is an in vitro diagnostic device for the qualitative detection of fentanyl in hair. The assay is intended for use in workplace settings for the qualitative analysis of human head and body hair. The assay uses a cutoff
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calibrator of 0.2 ng fentanyl/10 mg hair.
Psychemedics plans to perform this test at one site. Psychemedics has not performed an evaluation of reproducibility at different laboratories.
The Psychemedics Microplate EIA For Fentanyl in Hair provides only a preliminary analytical test result. A more specific alternate chemical method must be used to obtain a confirmed analytical result. Liquid Chromatography/Mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using deuterated internal standards in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode is the confirmatory method used by Psychemedics Corporation. This confirmatory method uses a cutoff of 0.2 ng of fentanyl/10 mg hair.
3. Special conditions for use statement(s):
This assay is for over the counter use.
The Psychemedics Microplate EIA for Fentanyl in Hair combines a screening method (immunoassay) with a confirmation method (LC/MS/MS) in one test system.
The assay is to be performed only at Psychemedics Corporation.
4. Special instrument requirements:
The assay is designed only for human body and head hair.
The confirmation assay consists of an AB Sciex 6500+MSMS (SN CG21891608) with Binary Shimadzu LC-30AD Pump (SNs L20555452360, L20555452361), Shimadzu Communications Bus Module Controller (SN L20235356454) and PAL HTC-xt Autosampler (SN381406).
I. Device Description:
The screening assay consists of:
- BSA-fentanyl coated Microplate
- Cutoff calibrator and the controls around the cutoff, 8 mg of hair is spiked with fentanyl at 0.2 ng (cutoff), 0.1 ng (-50% control), or 0.4 ng/10 mg hair (+100% control)
- Controls (minus 50% of cutoff, and plus 100% of cutoff)
- Primary antibody against fentanyl
- HRP-labeled secondary antibody directed against the primary antibody species
- Substrate TMB (tetramethylbenzidine)
- Acidic stop solution (2 N HCl)
- Hair sample collection kit
The confirmation assay consists of an AB Sciex 6500+MSMS (SN CG21891608) with
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Binary Shimadzu LC-30AD Pump (SNs L20555452360, L20555452361), Shimadzu Communications Bus Module Controller (SN L20235356454) and PAL HTC-xt Autosampler (SN381406).
# J. Substantial Equivalence Information:
1. Predicate device name(s):
Psychemedics Opiates EIA
2. Predicate 510(k) number(s):
k111926
3. Comparison with predicate:
| Similarities and differences | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Item | Candidate Device: | Predicate (k111926): |
| Intended Use | Same | The Psychemedics Microplate EIA for Opiates in Hair is a qualitative kit for detection of opioids in hair. This assay provides only a preliminary analytical test result. A more specific alternative chemical method must be used in order to obtain a confirmed analytical result. Liquid Chromatography with MS/MS is the preferred confirmatory method. |
| Measurand | Fentanyl (an opioid) | Opioids |
| Test System | Psychemedics Microplate EIA for Fentanyl in Head and Body Hair | Psychemedics EIA for opiates in Hair |
| Sample Matrix | Same | Human hair |
| Method of Measurement | Same | Microplate reader, read at 450 nm |
| Cutoff | 0.2 ng fentanyl/10 mg hair | 2 ng morphine/10 mg hair |
| Type of Test | Enzyme Immunoassay and confirmatory LC-MS/MS system | Enzyme Immunoassay |
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| Similarities and differences | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Item | Candidate Device: | Predicate (k111926): |
| Extraction Method | Same | Patented Digestion method |
| Screening Assay | Same | Enzyme Immunoassay |
| Confirmation Method | Same | LC/MS/MS |
K. Standard/Guidance Document Referenced (if applicable):
None referenced
L. Test Principle:
The Psychemedics Microplate EIA For Fentanyl in Hair consists of (1) a screening immunoassay and (2) a confirmation test by LC-MS/MS.
The screening immunoassay consists of two parts; a pre-analytical hair treatment procedure (to remove fentanyl from solid hair matrix to a measurable liquid matrix), and the qualitative assay. The qualitative assay is an Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) based upon the competitive binding of fentanyl in the sample and solid-phase fentanyl in the microplate wells to the assay detection antibody. Sample is added to the microplate well, followed by primary antibody (monoclonal mouse anti-fentanyl), and then (after washing the plate) goat anti-mouse-horseradish peroxidase conjugate is added. Enzyme substrate is then added and the plate is read on a microplate reader at 450 nm.
Confirmatory testing:
Confirmation testing for fentanyl and norfentanyl in samples is performed on a 6-12 mg aliquot of the original hair specimen. The hair is washed with isopropanol, followed by phosphate buffer. After washing, samples are then spiked with deuterated fentanyl to a concentration of 1.0 ng/10 mg hair, processed by solid phase extraction and analyzed using the AB Sciex 6500+MSMS (SN CG21891608) operating in the Positive Multiple Reaction Mode. To account for variability in drug recovery during solid phase extraction the recovered concentration of the deuterated internal standards in each sample is used to normalize the data for that sample.
M. Performance Characteristics:
1. Analytical performance:
a. Precision/Reproducibility:
Precision of the immunoassay screening method
Hair samples previously tested and shown to be negative for fentanyl were
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spiked with fentanyl at the following concentrations: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2 ng/10 mg hair (negative, ±75%, ±50%, ±25%, cutoff, and +100% of the cutoff). Intra-Assay Precision was demonstrated by measuring these nine concentrations of fentanyl in hair samples in replicates of 10 within a single run. Results are summarized below.
| Summary -Intra-Assay | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| LEVEL | NEG | POS |
| Negative | 10 | 0 |
| -75% | 10 | 0 |
| -50% | 10 | 0 |
| -25% | 10 | 0 |
| Cutoff | 5 | 5 |
| + 25% | 0 | 10 |
| + 50% | 0 | 10 |
| + 75% | 0 | 10 |
| + 100% | 0 | 10 |
Hair samples previously tested and shown to be negative for fentanyl were spiked at the following concentrations: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2 ng/10 mg hair (negative, ±75%, ±50%, ±25%, cutoff, and +100% of the cutoff). Inter-Assay Precision of the assay was evaluated by measuring these nine concentrations of fentanyl in hair samples over the course of five days, in replicates of 10 per day. Results are summarized below.
| Summary-Inter-Assay | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| LEVEL | NEG | POS |
| Negative | 50 | 0 |
| -75% | 50 | 0 |
| -50% | 50 | 0 |
| -25% | 50 | 0 |
| Cutoff | 25 | 25 |
| + 25% | 0 | 50 |
| + 50% | 0 | 50 |
| + 75% | 0 | 50 |
| + 100% | 0 | 50 |
## Precision of the LC-MS/MS method
Within-run precision around the LC/MS/MS cutoff was conducted using drug
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negative hair samples spiked with 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 ng/10 mg hair of fentanyl or norfentanyl. Samples were prepared in replicates of 5, per each concentration for fentanyl and norfentanyl, and run over 5 days. Results for the fentanyl and norfentanyl, measured by the LC-MS/MS assay, are summarized below.
| Fentanyl | 0 | 0.100 | 0.15 | 0.200 | 0.250 | 0.300 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 0.00 | 0.098 | 0.158 | 0.203 | 0.257 | 0.300 |
| | 0.00 | 0.105 | 0.158 | 0.204 | 0.264 | 0.308 |
| | 0.00 | 0.102 | 0.144 | 0.210 | 0.261 | 0.310 |
| | 0.00 | 0.101 | 0.146 | 0.207 | 0.258 | 0.315 |
| | 0.00 | 0.097 | 0.152 | 0.210 | 0.247 | 0.310 |
| Average | 0 | 0.10056 | 0.1516 | 0.2068 | 0.2574 | 0.3086 |
| S.D. | 0.000 | 0.0033 | 0.0065 | 0.0033 | 0.0064 | 0.0055 |
| % CV | NA | 3.24 | 4.32 | 1.58 | 2.50 | 1.77 |
| 95% CI | NA | 0.101 - 0.109 | 0.138 - 0.154 | 0.193 - 0.201 | 0.243 - 0.2592 | 0.302 - 0.315 |
| % of Target | NA | 100.6 | 101.1 | 103.4 | 103.0 | 102.9 |
| | | | | | | |
| Norfentanyl | 0.00 | 0.107 | 0.150 | 0.203 | 0.240 | 0.304 |
| | 0.00 | 0.111 | 0.140 | 0.194 | 0.258 | 0.322 |
| | 0.00 | 0.095 | 0.141 | 0.196 | 0.249 | 0.285 |
| | 0.00 | 0.106 | 0.150 | 0.199 | 0.251 | 0.302 |
| | 0.00 | 0.108 | 0.148 | 0.194 | 0.258 | 0.330 |
| Average | 0 | 0.10544 | 0.1458 | 0.1972 | 0.2512 | 0.3086 |
| S.D. | 0.0000 | 0.0060 | 0.0049 | 0.0038 | 0.0075 | 0.0177 |
| % CV | NA | 5.71 | 3.37 | 1.94 | 2.97 | 5.75 |
| 95% CI | NA | 0.098 - 0.113 | 0.140 - 0.152 | 0.192 - 0.202 | 0.242 - 0.2605 | 0.287 - 0.331 |
| % of Target | NA | 105.4 | 97.2 | 98.6 | 100.5 | 102.9 |
Intermediate precision around the LC/MS/MS cutoff was conducted using drug negative hair samples spiked with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 ng/10 mg hair of fentanyl and norfentanyl. Samples were prepared in replicates of 5 per each concentration for fentanyl and norfentanyl, and run over 5 days. Results for fentanyl measured by the LC-MS/MS assay are summarized below.
| | Fentanyl (ng/10 mg hair) | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Concentration | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.30 |
| Average | 0.0981 | 0.2011 | 0.3040 |
| S.D. | 0.0041 | 0.0068 | 0.0111 |
| % CV | 4.1710 | 3.3574 | 3.6668 |
| 95% CI | 0.096 - 0.100 | 0.198 - 0.204 | 0.299 - 0.309 |
| Percent of Target | 98.1 | 100.5 | 101.3 |
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| | Norfentanyl (ng/10 mg hair) | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Concentration | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.30 |
| Average | 0.0996 | 0.1948 | 0.2846 |
| S.D. | 0.0061 | 0.0071 | 0.0163 |
| % CV | 6.0982 | 3.6540 | 5.7325 |
| 95% CI | 0.097 - 0.102 | 0.163 - 0.227 | 0.278 - 0.291 |
| Percent of Target | 99.6 | 97.4 | 94.9 |
b. Linearity/assay reportable range:
The screening immunoassay is a qualitative test only; therefore, a linearity evaluation is not applicable.
Linearity of the LC-MS/MS confirmation method
The linearity of the confirmation method was evaluated by spiking fentanyl and norfentanyl into negative hair over the range of 0.01 to 7.5 ng/10 mg hair. Thirteen concentrations within this range were evaluated (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 1.5, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 ng/10mg). All levels for fentanyl and norfentanyl demonstrated percent recoveries within +/- 15% of the expected value.
c. Traceability, Stability, Expected values (controls, calibrators, or methods):
Controls and calibrators are prepared as a methanolic solution containing fentanyl / norfentanyl and are traceable to a commercial fentanyl / norfentanyl source.
Shipping stability: Five hair samples containing fentanyl and norfentanyl were shipped overnight to another location and returned to the original location by overnight shipping. Samples were tested by the routine LC-MS/MS procedure both before being shipped and after returning to Psychemedics. Both analytes were evaluated. Recovery of both was acceptable after shipping.
Sample storage stability: Five hair samples were stored in the same collection foil and card-envelope provided with the hair collection kit, following the instructions provided in the package insert. Samples were tested by LC-MS/MS on day 0 and 28 days later following storage conditions at 68 - 75 °F (20 - 24 °C). Both fentanyl and norfentanyl were evaluated and recoveries after storage were found to be acceptable.
d. Detection limit:
The screening immunoassay is a qualitative test only; therefore, a detection limit evaluation is not applicable. See section M.1.a. above for sensitivity around the immunoassay device
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cutoff.
# Detection Limit of the LC-MS/MS method
The sponsor performed a study to determine the Lower limit of Quantitation (LLOQ) of the LC-MS/MS assay for fentanyl and norfentanyl.
The LLOQ is the lowest concentration that meets chromatographic and retention time criteria, and that can be quantitated within 20% of the expected value. The method LLOQ is 0.01 ng/10 mg for fentanyl. The LLOQ is 0.01 ng/10 mg for norfentanyl.
e. Analytical specificity:
# Specificity of the immunoassay screening method
Immunoassay: cross-reactivity with structurally related compounds
The cross-reactivity characteristics of the screening immunoassay was evaluated by spiking various concentrations of fentanyl into drug-free hair samples and comparing the result to the cutoff calibrator. The table below lists the percent cross-reactivity and the approximate concentration of each compound required to produce a response approximately equivalent to the cutoff concentration of the assay.
| Compound | Percent Cross-reactivity | Concentration Equivalent to 0.2 ng Fentanyl/10 mg hair |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fentanyl | 100 | 0.20 |
| Butyryl fentanyl | 200 | 0.10 |
| Valeryl fentanyl | 100 | 0.20 |
| Furanyl fentanyl | 100 | 0.20 |
| Acetyl fentanyl | 125 | 0.16 |
| o-Fluorofentanyl | 100 | 0.20 |
| Acryl Fentanyl | 100 | 0.20 |
| Cyclopropyl fentanyl | 100 | 0.20 |
| Isobutyryl fentanyl | 100 | 0.20 |
| Ocfentanil | 100 | 0.20 |
| 4-Fluoro-isobutyryl fentanyl | 100 | 0.20 |
| Acetyl fentanyl | 125 | 0.16 |
| (+/-)-cis-3-methylfentanyl | 9.1 | 2.2 |
| Methyl fentanyl | 2 | 10.0 |
| Despropionyl fentanyl | 0.7 | 29.0 |
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| Sufentanil citrate | < 0.2 | >100 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Remifentanil | < 0.2 | >100 |
| Alfentanil | < 0.2 | >100 |
| Norfentanil | < 0.2 | >100 |
| Benzylfentanil | < 0.2 | >100 |
| Acetylnorfentanil oxalate | < 0.2 | >100 |
| Carfentanil Oxalate | < 0.2 | >100 |
# Immunoassay: Interference from structurally unrelated compounds
The following potentially interfering compounds were tested using the screening immunoassay on samples spiked with fentanyl at the cutoff and at $\pm 50\%$ of the cutoff to assess possible positive or negative interference. All potential interferents listed below were tested at a concentration of $100\mathrm{ng} / 10\mathrm{mg}$ hair. No positive or negative interference was observed in this study.
| 10,11-Dihydrocarbamazepine | Ecgonine | Nordoxepin |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11-nor-9-Carboxy-delta-9-THC Delta8TH | Erythromycin | Normetanephrine |
| 1S, 2R Ephedrine | Ethosuximide | Nortriptyline |
| 4-Methylprimidone | Ethotoin | O-Desmethylvenlafaxine |
| 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin | Ethylmorphine | Oxycodone |
| 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid | Glutethimide | Oxymorphone |
| 8(-)-11-nor-9-Carboxy-delta-9-THC | Haloperidol | PEMA |
| Acetaminophen | Homovanillic acid | Penicillin G |
| a-methyl-a-propylsuccimide | Hydrocodone | Pentazocine |
| Amitriptyline | Hydromorphone | Phendimetrazine |
| Amoxicillin | Imipramine | Phenmetrazine |
| Anhydroecgonine methyl ester | Lidocaine | Phenobarbital |
| Atropine | LSD | phensuximide |
| Barbital | Meperidine | Phenylephrine |
| Benzocaine | Mephenytoin | Primidone |
| Buprenorphine | Mephobarbital | Procaine |
| Buprofen | Mepivacaine | Promethazine |
| Bupropion | Meprobamate | Propanolol |
| C Streptomycin solution | Metanephrine | Propoxyphene |
| Caffeine | Methadone | R,R Pseudoephedrine |
| Cannabinol | Methamphetamine | Spice AM2201 |
| Carbamazepine | Methaqualone | Spice C8 homologue |
| Chlorpheniramine maleate | metharbital | Spice CP 47 |
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| Chlorpromazine | Methocarbamol | Spice CP 497 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cis-Tramadol | methsuximide | Spice HU-211 |
| Cocaethylene | Methyl PEMA | Spice JWH-019 |
| Cocaine | Methyl phenidate | Spice JWH-081 |
| Codeine | Methyprylon | Spice JWH-122 |
| Cotinine | Morphine | Spice JWH-200 |
| Desipramine | Nalorphine | Spice JWH-250 |
| Despropionyl | Naloxone | Theophylline |
| Dextromethorphan | Naltrexone | Thioridazine |
| Diazepam | Naproxen | Triamterene |
| Doxylamine succinate | Nicotine | Vanilmandelic acid |
| Dyphylline | N-Normethsuximide | Venlafaxine hydrochloride |
## Immunoassay: Effect of cosmetic treatments
Hair samples negative for fentanyl and samples positive for fentanyl were treated with the following cosmetic treatments: permanent wave, relaxer, bleach, dye, and shampoo. After the treatments, these samples and an aliquot of the same hair samples untreated were digested for fentanyl analysis and then assayed by the Psychemedics Microplate EIA for Fentanyl in Hair. The EIA results with and without treatment are compared to detect interference in the assay or loss of drug due to the treatments. The study included 10 negative samples and 6 fentanyl-positive samples with one brand of each of the particular product types, and another set of 10 negative samples and 6 positive samples with a second brand of each of the product types for a total of 32 different combinations of hair and products. All negative results remained negative and all positive results remained positive after the treatments.
All of the positive samples were also analyzed by the confirmation procedure for fentanyl and norfentanyl using the LC-MS/MS method. Each of the samples was measured before and after the treatment. The percent change of fentanyl as well as the average across the 6 samples for each of the treatments is reported in the tables below.
| Effect of Perm Product #1 on Fentanyl in Hair by LCMSMS | | | | | % Change of Fentanyl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sample # | Before Treatment | | After Treatment | | |
| | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | |
| | ng/10 mg hair | | | | |
| 1 | 3.36 | 0.144 | 3.466 | 0.034 | 3.15 |
| 2 | 7.415 | 0.262 | 7.491 | 0.143 | 1.02 |
| 3 | 2.33 | 0.057 | 1.882 | 0.032 | -19.23 |
| 4 | 19.194 | 1.707 | 18.714 | 0.851 | -2.50 |
| 5 | 4.728 | 0.227 | 4.439 | 0.118 | -6.11 |
| 6 | 6.127 | 0.127 | 5.359 | 0.075 | -12.53 |
| Average Percent Change of Fentanyl Concentration | | | | | -6.03 |
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| Effect of Perm Product #2 on Fentanyl in Hair by LCMSMS | | | | | % Change of Fentanyl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sample # | Before Treatment | | After Treatment | | |
| | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | |
| | ng/10 mg hair | | | | |
| 7 | 4.519 | 0.059 | 4.939 | 0.068 | 9.3 |
| 8 | 7.52 | 0.261 | 8.016 | 0.254 | 6.6 |
| 9 | 1.809 | 0.044 | 1.647 | 0.035 | -9.0 |
| 10 | 18.813 | 0.709 | 16.772 | 0.888 | -10.8 |
| 11 | 5.322 | 0.229 | 5.651 | 0.196 | 6.2 |
| 12 | 4.246 | 0.066 | 5.177 | 0.091 | -21.9 |
| Average Percent Change of Fentanyl Concentration | | | | | 4.0 |
| Effect of Shampoo Product #1 on Fentanyl in Hair by LCMSMS | | | | | % Change of Fentanyl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sample # | Before Treatment | | After Treatment | | |
| | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | |
| | ng/10 mg hair | | | | |
| 13 | 4.519 | 0.059 | 4.472 | 0.059 | -1.0 |
| 14 | 7.52 | 0.261 | 7.415 | 0.262 | -1.4 |
| 15 | 3.16 | 0.105 | 2.33 | 0.058 | -26.3 |
| 16 | 18.813 | 0.25 | 17.742 | 0.243 | -5.7 |
| 17 | 4.728 | 0.227 | 5.322 | 0.229 | 12.6 |
| 18 | 6.127 | 0.127 | 6.541 | 0.168 | 6.8 |
| Average Percent Change of Fentanyl Concentration | | | | | -2.51 |
| Effect of Shampoo Product #2 on Fentanyl in Hair by LCMSMS | | | | | % Change of Fentanyl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sample # | Before Treatment | | After Treatment | | |
| | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | |
| | ng/10 mg hair | | | | |
| 19 | 4.519 | 0.059 | 4.572 | 0.074 | 1.2 |
| 20 | 7.52 | 0.261 | 7.667 | 0.303 | 2.0 |
| 21 | 3.16 | 0.105 | 4.099 | 0.129 | 29.7 |
| 22 | 18.813 | 0.709 | 19.195 | 1.707 | 2.0 |
| 23 | 4.728 | 0.227 | 5.601 | 0.291 | 18.5 |
| 24 | 10.9 | 0.537 | 10.168 | 0.285 | -6.7 |
| Average Percent Change of Fentanyl Concentration | | | | | 7.8 |
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| Effect of Dye Product #1 on Fentanyl in Hair by LCMSMS | | | | | % Change of Fentanyl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sample # | Before Treatment | | After Treatment | | |
| | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | |
| | ng/10 mg hair | | | | |
| 25 | 1.089 | 0.164 | 1.062 | 0.024 | -2.48 |
| 26 | 15.668 | 1.08 | 13.19 | 1.247 | -15.82 |
| 27 | 4.738 | 0.227 | 4.394 | 0.239 | -7.26 |
| 28 | 6.788 | 0.251 | 6.251 | 0.148 | -7.91 |
| 29 | 0.739 | 0.011 | 0.78 | 0.006 | 5.55 |
| 30 | 1.124 | 0.019 | 1.13 | 0.018 | 0.53 |
| Average Percent Change of Fentanyl Concentration | | | | | -4.56 |
| Effect of Dye Product #2 on Fentanyl in Hair by LCMSMS | | | | | % Change of Fentanyl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sample # | Before Treatment | | After Treatment | | |
| | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | |
| | ng/10 mg hair | | | | |
| 31 | 7.415 | 0.262 | 7.52 | 0.0026 | 1.4 |
| 32 | 13.332 | 0.445 | 15.666 | 1.08 | 17.5 |
| 33 | 3.788 | 0.251 | 6.369 | 0.263 | 68.1 |
| 34 | 6.157 | 0.525 | 6.127 | 0.127 | -0.5 |
| 35 | 0.739 | 0.011 | 0.884 | 0.066 | 19.6 |
| 36 | 1.54 | 0.022 | 1.508 | 0.002 | -2.1 |
| Average Percent Change of Fentanyl Concentration | | | | | 17.4 |
| Effect of Relaxer Product #1 on Fentanyl in Hair by LCMSMS | | | | | % Change of Fentanyl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sample # | Before Treatment | | After Treatment | | |
| | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | |
| | ng/10 mg hair | | | | |
| 37 | 7.415 | 0.262 | 6.281 | 0.137 | -15.3 |
| 38 | 1.809 | 0.044 | 1.471 | 0.026 | -18.7 |
| 39 | 7.735 | 0.25 | 6.535 | 0.168 | -15.5 |
| 40 | 3.859 | 0.37 | 4.313 | 0.173 | 11.8 |
| 41 | 19.33 | 0.969 | 14.793 | 0.46 | -23.5 |
| 42 | 1.039 | 0.068 | 0.852 | 0.024 | -18.0 |
| Average Percent Change of Fentanyl Concentration | | | | | -13.2 |
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| Effect of Relaxer Product #2 on Fentanyl in Hair by LCMSMS | | | | | % Change of Fentanyl |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sample # | Before Treatment | | After Treatment | | |
| | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | Fentanyl | Norfentanyl | |
| | ng/10 mg hair | | | | |
| 43 | 7.52 | 0.261 | 8.546 | 0.17 | 13.64 |
| 44 | 1.809 | 0.017 | 1.964 | 0.017 | 8.57 |
| 45 | 7.735 | 0.76 | 6.358 | 0.076 | -17.80 |
| 46 | 3.859 | 0.168 | 4.584 | 0.168 | 18.79 |
| 47 | 19.33 | 0.427 | 16.937 | 0.427 | -12.38 |
| 48 | 1.54 | 0.239 | 1.3829 | 0.0239 | -10.20 |
| Average Percent Change of Fentanyl Concentration | | | | | 0.10 |
## Specificity of the LC-MS/MS method
### LC-MS/MS: Cross-reactivity with structurally related compounds
The cross-reactivity characteristics of the LC-MS/MS confirmation assay were evaluated by measuring hair samples spiked with fentanyl and norfentanyl at the cutoff of 0.20 ng/10 mg/hair, and also containing the following structurally related compounds at a concentration of 0.20 ng/10 mg/hair: butyryl fentanyl, valeryl fentanyl, acetyl fentanyl, para-fluorobutyryl fentanyl, cis-3-methylfentanyl, furanyl fentanyl, carfentanil, butyryl norfentanyl, acetyl norfentanyl, furanyl norfentanyl, norcarfentanil. All of the samples spiked with the potential cross-reactant and one of the target drugs at the cutoff produced a concentration within ± 15% of the spiked value of 0.20 ng/10 mg hair. The sponsor concluded that these compounds did not cross-react or cause interference with the LC-MS/MS assay.
### LC-MS/MS: Interference from structurally unrelated compounds
The specificity of the LC-MS/MS confirmation assay with structurally unrelated compounds was evaluated by measuring samples spiked with fentanyl and norfentanyl at the cutoff of 0.20 ng/10 mg/hair, containing the following compounds at the concentrations listed: Cotinine (500 ng/10 mg hair), Nicotine (500 ng/10 mg hair), Caffeine (500 ng/10 mg hair), Ibuprofen (50 ng/10 mg hair), Naproxen (50 ng/10 mg hair), Phentermine (20 ng/10 mg hair), Pseudoephedrine (20 ng/10 mg hair), Morphine (200 ng/10 mg hair), Hydrocodone (200 ng/10 mg hair), Oxycodone (200 ng/10 mg hair), Codeine (200 ng/10 mg hair), Cocaine (200 ng/10 mg hair), Phencyclidine (200 ng/10 mg hair), Methamphetamine (200 ng/10 mg hair), Amphetamine ((200 ng/10 mg hair), Methadone (200 ng/10 mg hair), Phenobarbital (200 ng/10 mg hair), Phenytoin (200 ng/10 mg hair), Phenylephrine(200 ng/10 mg hair), Carbamazepine (200 ng/10 mg hair), Gabapentin (500 ng/10 mg hair), Salicylic Acid (200 ng/10 mg hair), Valproic Acid (200 ng/10 mg hair), Oxcarbazepine (200 ng/10 mg hair), Propoxyphene (200 ng/10 mg hair), Acetaminophen (200 ng/10 mg hair), Norfloxacin (0.2 ng/10 mg hair), Psilocybin (200 ng/10 mg hair), Nimesulide (200 ng/10 mg hair), Etifoxine (200 ng/10 mg hair), Chlorcyclizine (200 ng/10 mg hair), and Teriflunomide (200 ng/10 mg hair).
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All of the samples spiked with the potential interfering compounds and each of the target drugs at the cutoff produced a concentration within ± 15% of the spiked value of 0.20 ng/10 mg/hair. The sponsor concluded that the potentially interfering compounds listed above did not cross-react or cause interference with the LC-MS/MS assay.
## LC-MS/MS: Studies to evaluate environmental contamination
Studies were performed to evaluate environmental contamination. Two different aliquots of 10 different hair specimens, previously shown to be negative for fentanyl, were soaked in either a water-based solution containing 5 ng fentanyl/mL or a saline-based solution containing 5 ng fentanyl/mL, resulting in a range of fentanyl on the hair from below the Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) to 0.0527 ng of fentanyl /10 mg hair, prior to washing. After washing hair samples according to the instructions in the product insert, no samples contained an amount of drug above the LOQ of the confirmatory method.
### f. Assay cut-off:
Analytical performance of the device around the claimed cutoff is described in precision section M.1.a. above.
### 2. Comparison studies:
#### a. Method comparison with predicate device:
##### Accuracy of the immunoassay screening method
A total of 197 hair specimens were used to compare the results of the Psychemedics Microplate EIA for Fentanyl in Hair with the LC-MS/MS method. The studies were comprised of the following hair samples: 138 samples from males, 59 samples from females; 98 black hair samples, 94 brown hair samples (from light brown to dark brown), 1 blond hair sample, and 2 grey hair samples, 134 head hair samples, and 63 body hair samples. 97 samples tested positive by the Psychemedics Microplate EIA for Fentanyl in Hair for fentanyl, and 100 tested negative.
There were no false negative results reported by the Microplate EIA for Fentanyl test. There were 10 false positives (confirmed by LC-MS/MS to have less than 0.2ng/10 mg cutoff of the EIA). The false positives were caused by the presence of structurally similar molecules that cross react in the EIA causing a falsely high result. In section M.1.e. above, the fentanyl immunoassay cross-reacts with butyryl fentanyl, valeryl fentanyl, furanyl fentanyl, acetyl fentanyl, acryl fentanyl, cyclopropyl fentanyl, isobutyryl fentanyl, ocfentanil, 4-fluoro-isobutyryl fentanyl. There were an additional 9 samples that were positive for fentanyl but not positive for norfentanyl, these are interpreted as negative / discordant results. These results are interpreted by the test as environmental contamination and were falsely positive due to inadequate washing procedures.
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Recovery study for the LC-MS/MS:
The sponsor conducted a study to evaluate recovery for fentanyl at concentrations of 0.2, 3, and 7.5 ng/10 mg hair. For each combination of drug and concentration level, ten individual hair samples were prepared and analyzed. The recovery for fentanyl ranged from 87% to 100% and the recovery for norfentanyl ranged from 92 – 100%.
b. Matrix comparison:
Not applicable. The assay is intended for only one sample matrix.
3. Clinical studies:
a. Clinical Sensitivity:
Not applicable.
b. Clinical specificity:
Not applicable.
c. Other clinical supportive data (when a. and b. are not applicable):
Not applicable.
4. Clinical cut-off:
The sponsor provided scientific literature to support the clinical validity for the fentanyl and norfentanyl cut-offs for the device.
5. Expected values/Reference range:
Not applicable.
N. Proposed Labeling:
The labeling is sufficient and it satisfies the requirements of 21 CFR Part 809.10.
O. Conclusion:
The submitted information in this premarket notification is complete and supports a substantial equivalence decision.
