Inversa Implants are intended for surgical placement in the upper or lower jaw to provide a means for prosthetic attachment of crowns, bridges or overdentures utilizing delayed or immediate loading. Inversa Implants are intended for immediate function when good primary stability with appropriate occlusal loading is achieved.
Device Story
Inversa Implants are fully threaded, tapered, root-form dental implants; feature 'body shift' design with narrow, straight coronal portion and increased maximum diameter midway down length tapering toward apex; incorporate dual thread types (square and V-shaped). Implants are made of unalloyed titanium (ASTM F67); provided in External Hex and Deep Conical connection types; platform inclined 12° to long axis. Used by dental surgeons for prosthetic attachment of crowns, bridges, or overdentures in upper or lower jaw. Device provides artificial root structure for tooth replacement. Benefits include immediate function capability when primary stability is achieved. Implants are single-patient, single-use, and provided sterile.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical data included. Substantial equivalence demonstrated via non-clinical bench testing: sterilization validation (ISO 11137-1/2), biocompatibility (ISO 10993-1), bacterial endotoxin testing (USP 40-NF 35), sterile barrier shelf life, and mechanical testing (dynamic compression-bending per ISO 14801, insertion torque).
Technological Characteristics
Material: Unalloyed titanium (ASTM F67). Design: Tapered, root-form, body-shift geometry, 12° platform incline. Connection: External Hex or Deep Conical. Threads: Square and V-shaped. Surface: Grit blasted. Sterilization: Validated per ISO 11137-1/2. Single-use, sterile.
Indications for Use
Indicated for patients requiring surgical placement of dental implants in the upper or lower jaw for prosthetic attachment of crowns, bridges, or overdentures; suitable for delayed or immediate loading when good primary stability and appropriate occlusal loading are achieved.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
An endosseous dental implant is a prescription device made of a material such as titanium or titanium alloy that is intended to be surgically placed in the bone of the upper or lower jaw arches to provide support for prosthetic devices, such as artificial teeth, in order to restore a patient's chewing function.
Special Controls
*Classification.* (1) Class II (special controls). The device is classified as class II if it is a root-form endosseous dental implant. The root-form endosseous dental implant is characterized by four geometrically distinct types: Basket, screw, solid cylinder, and hollow cylinder. The guidance document entitled “Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Root-Form Endosseous Dental Implants and Endosseous Dental Implant Abutments” will serve as the special control. (See § 872.1(e) for the availability of this guidance document.)(2)
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). The device is classified as class II if it is a blade-form endosseous dental implant. The special controls for this device are:(i) The design characteristics of the device must ensure that the geometry and material composition are consistent with the intended use;
(ii) Mechanical performance (fatigue) testing under simulated physiological conditions to demonstrate maximum load (endurance limit) when the device is subjected to compressive and shear loads;
(iii) Corrosion testing under simulated physiological conditions to demonstrate corrosion potential of each metal or alloy, couple potential for an assembled dissimilar metal implant system, and corrosion rate for an assembled dissimilar metal implant system;
(iv) The device must be demonstrated to be biocompatible;
(v) Sterility testing must demonstrate the sterility of the device;
(vi) Performance testing to evaluate the compatibility of the device in a magnetic resonance (MR) environment;
(vii) Labeling must include a clear description of the technological features, how the device should be used in patients, detailed surgical protocol and restoration procedures, relevant precautions and warnings based on the clinical use of the device, and qualifications and training requirements for device users including technicians and clinicians;
(viii) Patient labeling must contain a description of how the device works, how the device is placed, how the patient needs to care for the implant, possible adverse events and how to report any complications; and
(ix) Documented clinical experience must demonstrate safe and effective use and capture any adverse events observed during clinical use.
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Image /page/0/Picture/0 description: The image contains the logo of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On the left is the Department of Health & Human Services logo. To the right of that is the FDA logo, with the letters "FDA" in a blue square, followed by the words "U.S. FOOD & DRUG" in blue, and then the word "ADMINISTRATION" in a smaller font below.
November 14, 2018
Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd % Kevin Thomas, PhD Regulatory Affairs PaxMed International, LLC 12264 El Camino Real, Suite 400 San Diego, California 92130
Re: K181850
Trade/Device Name: Inversa Implants Regulation Number: 21 CFR 872.3640 Regulation Name: Endosseous Dental Implant Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: DZE Dated: August 21, 2018 Received: August 22, 2018
Dear Kevin Thomas, PhD:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
{1}------------------------------------------------
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/CombinationProducts/GuidanceRegulatoryInformation/ucm597488.html; good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820)
for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm.
For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/) and CDRH Learn (http://www.fda.gov/Training/CDRHLearn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (http://www.fda.gov/DICE) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
Andrew I. Steen -S
for Tina Kiang, Ph.D. Acting Director Division of Anesthesiology, General Hospital, Respiratory, Infection Control, and Dental Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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#### DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration
# Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known)
K181850
Device Name
Inversa Implants
Indications for Use (Describe)
Inversa Implants are intended for surgical placement in the upper or lower jaw to provide a means for prosthetic attachment of crowns, bridges or overdentures utilizing delayed or immediate loading. Inversa Implants are intended for immediate function when good primary stability with appropriate occlusal loading is achieved.
Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
> Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
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# 510(k) Summary K181850 Inversa Implants Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd.
November 14, 2018
#### ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
| Manufacturer Name | Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd.<br>1 Albert Road<br>Irene, Gauteng, South Africa 0062 |
|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Telephone: +27 12 667 1046 |
| | Fax: +27 12 667 1029 |
| Official Contact | Lauranda Breytenbach<br>Regulatory Affairs and Quality |
| Representative/Consultant | Kevin A. Thomas, PhD<br>Floyd G. Larson, MS, MBA<br>PaxMed International, LLC<br>12264 El Camino Real, Suite 400<br>San Diego, CA 92130 |
| | Telephone: +1-858-792-1235 |
| | Fax: +1-858-792-1236 |
| | Email: kthomas@paxmed.com |
## DEVICE NAME AND CLASSIFICATION
| Trade/Proprietary Name | Inversa Implants |
|----------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Common Name | Dental implant |
| Classification Name | Implant, endosseous, root form |
| Classification Regulations | 21 CFR 872.3640, Class II |
| Product Code | DZE |
| Classification Panel | Dental Products Panel |
| Reviewing Branch | Dental Devices Branch |
#### PREDICATE DEVICE INFORMATION
Primary Predicate K163634, External Hex Implants, Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd.
Reference Devices K163060, Deep Conical (DC) Implants and Accessories, Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd. K 030463, The Maestro System™ 7 mm & 10.5 Endosseous Implants, BioHorizons Implant Systems, Inc. K003620, NSI Hexed and Non-Hexed Implant System, NSI K053478, Endosseous Dental Implant System, Northern Implants, LLC K070841, Endosseous Dental Implant System, Southern Implants, Inc. K093562, Zygomatic Implant System, Southern Implants, Inc.
flarson@paxmed.com
{4}------------------------------------------------
## INDICATIONS FOR USE STATEMENT
Inversa Implants are intended for surgical placement in the upper or lower jaw to provide a means for prosthetic attachment of crowns, bridges or overdentures utilizing delayed or immediate loading. Inversa Implants are intended for immediate function when good primary stability with appropriate occlusal loading is achieved.
## SUBJECT DEVICE DESCRIPTION
Inversa implants are fully threaded, tapered, root-form dental implants with a design feature known as body shift, where the body design of the implant has a narrow, straight coronal portion with an increased maximum diameter midway down the length of the implant tapering toward the apex. The body of the implant includes two thread types (square and V-shaped) that transition in the middle of the implant body. Inversa implants have a platform that is inclined 12° to the long axis of the implants are made of unalloyed titanium and provided in two connection types (External Hex and Deep Conical).
External Hex Inversa implants are provided in three sizes: coronal diameter 3.5 mm with maximum apical diameter 4.5 mm; coronal diameter 3.5 mm with maximum apical diameter 5.0 mm; and coronal diameter 4.2 mm with maximum apical diameter 5.0 mm. Each size of the External Hex Inversa implant is provided in four lengths (11.5, 13, 15, and 18 mm).
Deep Conical Inversa implants are provided in three sizes: coronal diameter 3.6 mm with maximum apical diameter 4.5 mm; coronal diameter 3.6 mm with maximum apical diameter 5.0 mm; and coronal diameter 4.0 mm with maximum apical diameter 5.0 mm. Each size of the Deep Conical Inversa implant is provided in four lengths (11.5, 13, 15, and 18 mm).
Inversa implants are made from unalloyed titanium conforming to ASTM F67.
## PERFORMANCE DATA
Non-clinical data submitted, referenced, or relied upon to demonstrate substantial equivalence include: sterilization validation according to ISO 11137-1 and ISO 11137-2 (referenced from K163634 and K163060); biocompatibility evaluation according to ISO 10993-1 (referenced from K163634 and K163060); bacterial endotoxin testing in accordance with USP 40-NF 35; sterile barrier shelf life (referenced from K163634); dynamic compression-bending to ISO 14801, and insertion torque testing. No clinical data were included in this submission.
## EQUIVALENCE TO MARKETED DEVICES
Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd. submits the information in this Premarket Notification to demonstrate that, for the purposes of FDA's regulation of medical devices, the substantially equivalent in indications and design principles to the legally marketed predicate devices.
The subject device is substantially equivalent to the primary predicate device K163634 in intended use, indications for use, material, surface, design, and function. Differences in the design features between the subject device and the primary predicate device K163634 are addressed by comparison to the reference devices as listed below.
The Indications for Use Statement for the subject device is the same as that of the primary predicate device K163634, except for the names of the devices.
{5}------------------------------------------------
The body diameter sizes for the subject device External Hex Inversa implants are substantially equivalent to the range of body diameters of the primary predicate device K163634. The body diameter sizes for the subject device Deep Conical Inversa implants are substantially equivalent to the range of body diameters of the reference device K163360. The body shift design feature is not included in the primary predicate or identified reference devices: however, the combined max/min dimensions of platform and body for any design of the submission device is within the dimension of the identified predicates.
The platform diameter sizes for the subject device External Hex Inversa implants are substantially equivalent to the range of platform diameters of the primary predicate device K163634. The platform diameter size for the subject device Deep Conical Inversa implants is the same as a platform diameter size of the reference device K163360.
The implant lengths for the subject device External Hex Inversa the Deep Conical Inversa implants are substantially equivalent to the range of lengths of the primary predicate device K163634.
All subject device implants have the identical platform orientation (12° to the long axis of the implant) as the primary predicate device K163634.
The subject device External Hex Inversa implants have the identical implant-abutment connection as the primary predicate device K163634. The subject device Deep Conical Inversa implants have the identical implant-abutment connection as the reference device K163060.
All subject device implants have a thread design that includes a V-shaped design that is identical to the threads of the primary predicate device K163634. All subject device implants also have a square thread design (in the coronal aspect) that is substantially equivalent to the threads of the reference device K030463.
All subject device implants are manufactured from unalloyed titanium that is identical to the primary predicate device K163634. The surface treatment applied to the endosseous threads of the subject device implants also is identical to that cleared in the primary predicate device K163634.
The subject device implants are compatible with abutments and abutment screws cleared in the primary predicate K163436 and in the reference device K163060. The reference devices K003620. K053478. K070841, and K093562 are included in this summary to reference additional abutments and abutment screws that are compatible with the subject device.
The subject device and the predicate devices all incorporate the same materials and encompass similar ranges of dimensions. All subject device components are for single-patient, single-use, and all are provided sterile.
A comparison of the technological characteristics for the subject device, the primary predicate device, and the reference devices K163060 and K030463 is provided in the following table.
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| | Comparison of Technological Characteristics | |
|--|---------------------------------------------|--|
|--|---------------------------------------------|--|
| Comparison | Subject Device | Primary Predicate | Reference Device | Reference Device | |
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|
| | K181850<br>Inversa Implants<br>Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd. | K163634<br>External Hex Implants<br>Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd. | K163060<br>Deep Conical (DC) Implants and<br>Accessories<br>Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd. | K030463<br>The Maestro System™<br>7 mm & 10.5 Endosseous Implants<br>BioHorizons Implant Systems, Inc. | |
| Indications for Use<br>Statement | Inversa Implants are intended for<br>surgical placement in the upper or<br>lower jaw to provide a means for<br>prosthetic attachment of crowns,<br>bridges or overdentures utilizing<br>delayed or immediate loading.<br>Inversa Implants are intended for<br>immediate function when good<br>primary stability with appropriate<br>occlusal loading is achieved. | Southern Implants' External Hex<br>Implants are intended for surgical<br>placement in the upper or lower<br>jaw to provide a means for<br>prosthetic attachment of crowns,<br>bridges or overdentures utilizing<br>delayed or immediate loading.<br>Southern Implants' External Hex<br>Implants are intended for<br>immediate function when good<br>primary stability with appropriate<br>occlusal loading is achieved. | Southern Implants Dental Implants<br>are intended for both one- and two-<br>stage surgical procedures in the<br>following situations and with the<br>following clinical protocols:<br>• replacing single and multiple<br>missing teeth in the mandible<br>and maxilla,<br>• immediate placement in<br>extraction sites and in situations<br>with a partially or completely<br>healed alveolar ridge,<br>• immediate loading in all<br>indications, except in single<br>tooth situations on implants<br>shorter than 8mm or in soft bone<br>(type IV) where implant stability<br>may be difficult to obtain and<br>immediate loading may not be<br>appropriate.<br>The intended use for 3.0 Deep<br>Conical implants is limited to<br>replacement of maxillary lateral<br>incisors and mandibular incisors. | The Maestro System™ endosseous<br>implants may be used in the<br>mandible and maxilla for use as an<br>artificial root structure for single<br>tooth replacement or as abutments<br>for fixed bridgework and dental<br>retention. | |
| Product Codes | DZE | DZE, NHA | DZE, NHA | DZE | |
| Implant Design | | | | | |
| Implant Body<br>Diameter (Ø), mm | | 3.25, 3.75, 4.0, 4.7, 5.0,<br>5.7, 6.0 | 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0 | 3.5, 4, 5 | |
| Coronal Ø /<br>Apical Ø (max) | Ex Hex<br> | 3.5 / 4.5<br>3.5 / 5.0<br>4.2 / 5.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Coronal Ø /<br>Apical Ø (max) | Deep<br>Conical | 3.6 / 4.5<br>3.6 / 5.0<br>4.0 / 5.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Implant Platform Ø,<br>mm | Ex Hex<br>Deep<br>Conical | 3.45, 3.77, 4.07<br>3.1 | 3.43, 4.07, 5.0, 6.0 | 3.1, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0 | 3.5, 4, 5 |
| Implant Lengths, mm | Ex Hex<br>Deep<br>Conical | 11.5, 13, 15, 18<br>11.5, 13, 15, 18 | 6, 7, 8.5, 10,<br>11.5, 13, 15,18, 20 | 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15 | 7, 10.5 |
| Platform Incline | | 12° | 0°, 12°, 24° | 0°, 12° | 0° |
| Implant Interface | External Hex<br>Internal Conical | External Hex | Internal Conical | External Hex | |
| Thread design | Square and V-Shape | V-Shape | V-Shape | Square | |
| Material | Unalloyed Titanium | Unalloyed Titanium | Unalloyed Titanium | Unalloyed Titanium | |
| Surface | Grit Blasted | Grit Blasted | Grit Blasted | RBM HA | |
## CONCLUSION
The subject device and the primary predicate device and the reference devices have the same intended use, have similar technological characteristics, and are materials. The subject devices are packaged in materials and are sterilized using methods that are identical to the primary predicate device K163634. The data included in this submission demonstrate substantial equivalence to the primary predicate and reference devices listed above.
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Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
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Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
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Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
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With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
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What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
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Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.