The AQUARIUS 8600 is intended for use by a qualified doctor or technologist on both adult and paediatric patients for taking diagnostic radiographic exposures of all body parts of the AQUARIUS 8600 provides digital image capture and is intended to replace radiographic film/screen. The x-ray tube and associated equipment are not provided with the proposed sensor. Prescription use only. The AQUARIUS 8600 is not intended for mammography.
Device Story
The Aquarius 8600 is a digital radiography sensor system used by physicians or technologists in clinical settings to capture, process, and store diagnostic x-ray images. The system consists of a flat panel detector that automatically detects x-rays from an independent x-ray source (55-120 kVp, min 30 kW) and digitizes the signal. The digitized data is transferred to a PC running ChiroSight software for processing, annotation, and storage. The device does not connect to the x-ray generator; it triggers acquisition automatically upon x-ray detection. Healthcare providers view the processed images on a computer display to assist in clinical decision-making and diagnostic assessment. The system replaces traditional film/screen radiography, offering digital image capture and storage benefits.
Clinical Evidence
Bench testing only. The device was evaluated through non-clinical performance testing, including image quality comparisons against the predicate devices. The sensor hardware performance, biocompatibility, thermal, electrical, and mechanical safety were confirmed to be equivalent to the predicate device.
Technological Characteristics
Flat panel detector (17" x 17", 3328 x 3328 pixel TFT matrix). Spatial/optical resolution: 3.9 lp/mm. Acquisition to display time: < 2 sec. Connectivity: 1000 Mbps LAN. Power: 24Vdc, 1.9A. PC: Dell Optiplex 7050 (i5/i7 CPU, 8GB RAM, SSD/HDD). Software: ChiroSight. DICOM compliant. Conforms to ISO 13485.
Indications for Use
Indicated for adult and pediatric patients for diagnostic radiographic exposures of all body parts. Intended to replace radiographic film/screen. Not for mammography. Prescription use only.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A stationary x-ray system is a permanently installed diagnostic system intended to generate and control x-rays for examination of various anatomical regions. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.
Special Controls
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). A radiographic contrast tray or radiology diagnostic kit intended for use with a stationary x-ray system only is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 892.9.
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Image /page/0/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logos of the Department of Health & Human Services and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Department of Health & Human Services logo is on the left, and the FDA logo is on the right. The FDA logo includes the letters "FDA" in a blue square, followed by the words "U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION" in blue text.
July 13, 2018
Biokinemetrics Inc. % Steven Kraus President 211 East 4th Street CARROLL IA 51401
Re: K181565
Trade/Device Name: AQUARIUS 8600 Digital Radiography Sensor Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892.1680 Regulation Name: Stationary x-ray system Regulatory Class: II Product Code: MOB Dated: June 13, 2018 Received: June 14, 2018
Dear Steven Kraus:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820);
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and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm.
For comprehensive regulatory information about medical devices and radiation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/) and CDRH Learn (http://www.fda.gov/Training/CDRHLearn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (http://www.fda.gov/DICE) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
Hol 2. Nils
Robert Ochs, Ph.D. Director Division of Radiological Health Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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# Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K181565
Device Name AQUARIUS 8600 Digital Radiography Sensor
### Indications for Use (Describe)
The AQUARIUS 8600 is intended for use by a qualified doctor or technologist on both adult and paediatric patients for taking diagnostic radiographic exposures of all body parts of the AQUARIUS 8600 provides digital image capture and is intended to replace radiographic film/screen. The x-ray tube and associated equipment are not provided with the proposed sensor. Prescription use only.
The AQUARIUS 8600 is not intended for mammography.
| Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable) | |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <div> <span style="font-size: 10px;">☑</span> Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) </div> | <div> <span style="font-size: 10px;">☐</span> Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C) </div> |
### CONTINUE ON A SEPARATE PAGE IF NEEDED.
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Image /page/3/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for Biokinemetrics. The logo is in blue and green, with the word "BIOKINE" in blue and "METRICS" in green. Below the logo is the tagline "ALIGNING CHIROPRACTIC AND TECHNOLOGY" in a smaller blue font. The logo is simple and modern, and the tagline is clear and concise.
# SPECIAL 510K - SUMMARY OF SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS
- 1. Device type and name: Aquarius 8600 Digital Radiography Sensor Common name: Aquarius 8600
- 2. Submitter Biokinemetrics Inc. 211 East 4th Street Carroll lowa 51401
- Contact person: Dr. Steven Kraus President Tel: (712) 210-4750 Fax: (888) 800-2149 e-mail: skraus@biokinemetrics.com
June 12, 2018 Date prepared:
- 3. Device classification: 21 CFR 892.1680, Stationary x-ray system
- 4. Product Code: 90/MQB
- 5. Basis for the submission: Software modifications to support Aquarius 8600 Flat Panel Detector.
- 6. Predicate devices: Primary: Aquarius 8600 Flat Panel Detector (K170202) For the ChiroSight software: BIOK4600 Digital Radiography Sensor (K092307) *same classification & product code: 21 CFR 892.1680, 90/MQB, KPR
- 7. Device description: The Aquarius 8600 is a digital radiography sensor which automatically collects x-ray images from an x-ray source. The Aquarius 8600 sensor (flat panel type) collects x-rays and digitizes the images for their transfer and display to a computer. The sensor does not have an x-ray source, which is provided by independent manufacturers. The sensor includes with a flat panel for x-ray acquisition and digitization and a computer (including proprietary processing software) for processing, annotating and storing x-ray images.
An x-ray generator with a minimum voltage output range between 55 to 120 kVp and a minimum power of 30 KW can be used with the Aquarius 8600. The Aquarius 8600 does not connect to the generator. It automatically detects x-rays and enables the image acquisition. No changes to the generator hardware or software are required to operate the Aquarius 8600.
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Image /page/4/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for Biokinemetrics. The logo is in blue and green, with the word "BIOKINEMETRICS" in large, bold letters. Below the word is the tagline "ALIGNING CHIROPRACTIC AND TECHNOLOGY" in smaller letters. The logo is simple and modern, and it conveys the company's focus on chiropractic and technology.
- 8. Indications for use: The Aquarius 8600 is intended for use by a qualified doctor or technologist on both adult and paediatric patients for taking diagnostic radiographic exposures of all body parts of the patients. The Aquarius 8600 provides digital image capture and is intended to replace radiographic film/screen. The x-ray generator, x-ray tube and associated equipment are not provided with the proposed sensor. Prescription use only. The Aquarius 8600 is not intended for mammography.
- 9. Comparison with predicate devices: The Aquarius 8600 is composed of the Aquarius 8600 predicate device hardware and the BIOK4600 software on the PC. The hardware and firmware of the Aquarius 8600 flat panel is UNMODIFIED and is considered to be substantially equivalent to the Aquarius 8600 predicate device hardware. The Aquarius 8600 software functionality is equivalent to the original BIOK4600 predicate device, except for the Sensor Driver interface application which reads the images from the Aquarius 8600 flat panel instead of the BIOK 4600 sensor. The Aquarius 8600 produces images of similar quality and characteristics that are equivalent to those of the both the Aquarius 8600 and BIOK4600 predicate devices.
- a. Non-clinical tests: Because the sensor hardware is the same as the Aquarius 8600 predicate device hardware, the sensor has the same performance, biocompatibility, effectiveness, thermal, electrical and mechanical safety and is substantially equivalent to the predicate device. The design, development and production of the sensor conforms to 892.1680 and ISO 13485 quality systems.
- b. Image Comparison: Test images have been submitted along with the equivalent images from the Aquarius 8600 predicate device.
- C. Conclusion: the device was evaluated against both predicate devices (BIOK4600 and Aquarius 8600) and was found to be substantially equivalent to the predicate devices.
| X-Ray Equipment<br>(Generator, Tube) | Not provided by Biokinemetrics |
|--------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Flat Panel Sensor | AQUARIUS 8600 Flat Panel<br>Detector array size: 17" x 17"<br>(423mm x 423mm)<br>TFT matrix: (3328 x 3328 pixels) |
| Flat Panel Sensor | Spatial resolution: 3.9 lp/mm<br>Optical resolution: 3.9 lp/mm<br>Acquisition to display time: < 2 sec<br>Network interface: 1000 mbps LAN<br>Image and file formats:<br>DICOM compliant<br>Power: 24Vdc, 1.9A max (18W typ) |
| PC | Dell Optiplex 7050, small form factor<br>128GB SSD + 2TB HDD<br>8GB memory<br>Full HD video capability<br>HDMI, DisplayPort output<br>i5 or i7 intel CPU (or equivalent)<br>2x LAN connections (10/100/1000) |
| PC software: | ChiroSight software |
- 10. Technological Characteristics:
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1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
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Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
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Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
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Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
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5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
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What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
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Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.