The Mazor X is indicated for precise positioning of surgical implants during general spinal and brain surgery. It may be used in either open or minimally invasive or percutaneous procedures. Mazor X 3D imaging capabilities provide a processing and conversion of 2D fluoroscopic projections from standard C-Arms into volumetric 3D image. It is intended to be used whenever the clinician and/or patient benefits from generated 3D imaging of high contrast objects.
Device Story
Mazor X provides surgical guidance and intra-operative 3D image processing for spine and brain procedures. Inputs include pre-operative CT scans, intra-operative 3D scans, or 2D fluoroscopic projections from standard C-Arms. System transforms 2D fluoroscopic projections into volumetric 3D images and enables virtual planning of instrument/implant placement. Output is precise guidance for surgical accessory deployment at predefined anatomical locations. Used in OR by surgeons; provides visualization of implants on patient CT. Benefits include increased precision in instrument/implant positioning and intra-operative 3D imaging capabilities.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical data. Evidence consists of bench testing, including software validation per IEC 62304 and FDA guidance, and functional validation of the registration algorithm, lateral positioning, and vertebral end-plate recognition algorithm.
Technological Characteristics
Stereotaxic instrument and image processing system. Features workstation and surgical system hardware. Software-based registration and 3D image reconstruction from 2D fluoroscopy. Connectivity includes external 3D image acquisition systems. Software validation follows IEC 62304.
Indications for Use
Indicated for precise positioning of surgical instruments or spinal implants during general spinal and brain surgery in open, minimally invasive, or percutaneous procedures.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A stereotaxic instrument is a device consisting of a rigid frame with a calibrated guide mechanism for precisely positioning probes or other devices within a patient's brain, spinal cord, or other part of the nervous system.
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April 30, 2018
Image /page/0/Picture/1 description: The image shows the logo of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The logo consists of two parts: the Department of Health & Human Services USA seal on the left and the FDA acronym with the full name of the agency on the right. The FDA part of the logo is in blue, with the acronym in a square and the full name written out to the right of the square.
Mazor Robotics Ltd. % Ahava Stein Regulatory Affairs Consultant A. Stein - Regulatory Affairs Consulting Ltd. 20 Hata'as St. Kfar Saba, 44425 Isreal
Re: K180307
Trade/Device Name: Mazor X Regulation Number: 21 CFR 882.4560 Regulation Name: Stereotaxic Instrument Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: OLO, HAW, LLZ Dated: March 11, 2018 Received: March 14, 2018
Dear Ahava Stein:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820);
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and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/) and CDRH Learn (http://www.fda.gov/Training/CDRHLearn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (http://www.fda.gov/DICE) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
# Katherine D. Kavlock -S
for Mark N. Melkerson Director Division of Orthopedic Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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## Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known)
K180307
Device Name Mazor X
Indications for Use (Describe)
The Mazor X is indicated for precise positioning of surgical implants during general spinal and brain surgery. It may be used in either open or minimally invasive or percutaneous procedures.
Mazor X 3D imaging capabilities provide a processing and conversion of 2D fluoroscopic projections from standard C-Arms into volumetric 3D image. It is intended to be used whenever the clinician and/or patient benefits from generated 3D imaging of high contrast objects.
Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
| <span style="font-size:100%;">☑ Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)</span> |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <span style="font-size:100%;">☐ Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)</span> |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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## SUMMARY OF SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS
K180307 (Premarket Notification [510(k)] Number)
#### 1. Submitter Information
| Manufacturer Name and Address | Mazor Robotics Ltd. |
|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| | PO Box 3104, |
| | 5 Shacham St., |
| | Caesarea Park North 3088900, |
| | Israel |
| Official Correspondent | Ahava Stein |
| | A. Stein - Regulatory Affairs Consulting Ltd. |
| | 20 Hata'as St. (Beit Hapaamon, Suite 102) |
| | Kfar Saba 4442520, |
| | Israel |
- 2. Date Prepared: April 22, 2018
- Device Name Mazor X 3.
| Proprietary Name: | Mazor X |
|--------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Common Name: | Combination of:<br>1. Stereotaxic instrument; and<br>2. System, Image Processing, Radiological |
| FDA Classification Name: | 21 CFR 882.4560; Stereotaxic instrument |
#### FDA Classification: Class II, Product Code OLO, HAW and LLZ
#### Predicate Devices 4.
The Mazor X is substantially equivalent to the following device:
| Manufacturer | Device | 510(k) | Date Cleared |
|---------------------|----------------|---------|----------------|
| Mazor Robotics Ltd. | Mazor X System | K163221 | April 04, 2017 |
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#### 5. Device Description
The Mazor X hosts guidance for spine and brain procedures and intra-operative 3D image processing capabilities. It enables the surgeon to precisely position surgical instruments and/or implants (in spinal surgery). The planning of the surgical procedure and virtual placement of surgical instruments and/or implants (e.g., a screw) can be achieved through pre-operation planning based on the patient's CT scan or intraoperative planning based on Mazor X 3D Scan image or on a 3D image uploaded from an external 3D image acquiring system. The Mazor X enables accurate deployment of surgical accessories in the precise anatomical location according to predefined planning. With the imaging capabilities of the system, the user can also visualize the implants on the patients CT. The Mazor X is a device modification of the original Mazor X System cleared in 510(k) K163221.
#### Indications for Use 6.
The Mazor X is indicated for precise positioning of surgical instruments or spinal implants during general spinal and brain surgery. It may be used in either open or minimally invasive or percutaneous procedures.
Mazor X 3D imaging capabilities provide a processing and conversion of 2D fluoroscopic projections from standard C-Arms into volumetric 3D image. It is intended to be used whenever the clinician and/or patient benefits from generated 3D imaging of high contrast objects.
#### 7. Performance Standards
There are no performance standards under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, for the Mazor X.
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#### 8. Performance Testing
The following Performance tests were performed on the Mazor X system:
- · Software validation testing in accordance with the FDA Guidance for the Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices (May 11, 2005) and the IEC 62304 Standard for Medical Device Software - Software Life Cycle Processes. The software validation tests demonstrate that the Mazor X software version meets the design requirements. Test cases were designed for testing procedure simplicity, system startup, security, user interfaces, diagnostics and error handling, performance and robustness, installation, and database.
- · The modified Mazor X Align module was retested according to the same functionality testing as the original Mazor X Align module and included the following validation testing:
- · Testing the registration algorithm to validate the changes related to updating the CT based fluoroscopy images and the pre-operative registration method (CT-Xray).
- · Validation of lateral positioning.
- · Validation of the modifications to the vertebral end-plates recognition algorithm.
- · Integration testing of the modified Mazor X System.
#### 9. Technological Characteristics Compared to Predicate Device
The device modifications included modified software with minor software changes and a slightly modified Mazor X System (minor hardware changes). The software changes included SW optimization within the established specifications, enhanced functionalities (e.g., updating CT based fluoroscopy images and pre-operative registration method (CT-X-ray), support of lateral approach and modifications to the vertebral endplates recognition algorithm), as well as screen enhancements (graphical enhancements and enhanced information presented on screen). The modified Mazor X workstation and Surgical System are very similar to the Mazor X workstation and Surgical System with some minor technical and design improvements to allow better manufacturability during assembly process.
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The modifications do not adversely affect the safety, effectiveness and performance of the Mazor X system. The Mazor X system was tested according to the aforementioned validation and performance tests and found compliant.
The technological characteristics, e.g., overall design, materials, mechanism of action, mode of operation, performance characteristics, etc., and the indications for use of the Mazor X system are substantially equivalent to the predicate device cited above.
#### Conclusion 10.
The performance testing and comparison to the predicate device demonstrate that the Mazor X system is as safe, as effective and performs as well as the legally marketed Mazor X System predicate device. Therefore, the Mazor X system is substantially equivalent to the Mazor X System cleared under K163221.
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Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.