ENCORE 14 SOFTWARE RELEASE FOR THE GE LUNAR DXA BONE DENSITOMETERS
K113286 · Ge Medical Systems Lunar · KGI · Apr 27, 2012 · Radiology
Device Facts
Record ID
K113286
Device Name
ENCORE 14 SOFTWARE RELEASE FOR THE GE LUNAR DXA BONE DENSITOMETERS
Applicant
Ge Medical Systems Lunar
Product Code
KGI · Radiology
Decision Date
Apr 27, 2012
Decision
SESE
Submission Type
Traditional
Regulation
21 CFR 892.1170
Device Class
Class 2
Indications for Use
The enCORE 14 Software Release for the GE Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers is intended for medical purposes to measure bone density, bone mineral content, and fat and lean tissue content by x-ray transmission measurements through the bone and adjacent tissues.
Device Story
enCORE 14 software operates on GE Lunar DXA bone densitometers; processes existing total body scan data to calculate Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) and Relative Skeletal Muscle Index (RSMI). Includes MirrorImage function to estimate body composition and BMD for patients exceeding scan window dimensions by mirroring data from the opposite side of the body. Used in clinical settings by healthcare professionals; output displayed in statistical formats and trends. Assists clinicians in assessing body composition and metabolic status. No changes to hardware, radiation exposure, or scan protocols required.
Clinical Evidence
No clinical data required; substantial equivalence supported by bench testing, including risk analysis, requirements/design reviews, module verification, system integration testing, and simulated use validation.
Technological Characteristics
Software-based feature enhancement for existing DXA bone densitometers. Utilizes x-ray transmission measurements. No hardware modifications. Connectivity via existing densitometer platform. Quality assurance per standard design control processes.
Indications for Use
Indicated for estimation of Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) and Relative Skeletal Muscle Index (RSMI) in males and females age 18 and older. Also indicated for estimation of total body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) via MirrorImage function when body regions fall outside the scan window by using data from the opposite body half.
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A bone densitometer is a device intended for medical purposes to measure bone density and mineral content by x-ray or gamma ray transmission measurements through the bone and adjacent tissues. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.
Predicate Devices
Body Composition Software Option for GE Lunar DEXA Bone Densitometers (K071570)
Submission Summary (Full Text)
{0}------------------------------------------------
K113286
# APR 2 7 2012
GE Medical Systems Lunar 510(k) Premarket Notification Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers
## 510(k) Summary
I
.
| | In accordance with 21 CFR 807.92 the following summary of information is provided: |
|---------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Date: | November 5, 2011 |
| Submitter: | GE Healthcare |
| | GE Medical Systems Lunar<br>3030 Ohmeda Drive, Madison WI 53718 |
| Primary Contact Person: | Trishia Dwyer<br>Regulatory Affairs Leader<br>GE Medical Systems Lunar<br>Telephone: (608) 221-1551 ext. 3074<br>Fax: (608) 646-6488<br>Email: Trishia.L.Dwyer@ge.com |
| Secondary Contact Person: | Pernell Abrantes<br>Regulatory Affairs Leader<br>GE Healthcare<br>Telephone: (262) 894-1859<br>Fax: (414) 647-4410<br>Email: Pernell.Abrantes@ge.com |
| Device: | |
| | Trade Name: Lunar DPX Series: (DPX-MD+, DPX-MD+ Compact , DPX-NT,<br>DPX-NT Compact, DPX Pro, DPX Bravo, DPX Duo) |
| | Lunar Prodigy Series: (Prodigy, Prodigy Compact, Prodigy Pro,<br>Prodigy Pro Compact, Prodigy Primo, Prodigy Primo Compact,<br>Prodigy Advance, Prodigy Advance Compact, Prodigy Forma) |
| | Lunar iDXA Series: (iDXA, iDXA Advance, iDXA Pro, iDXA<br>Forma, Lunar iDXA) |
| Common/Usual Name: | Bone Densitometer |
| Classification Names: | Bone Densitometer (21CFR 892.1170) |
| Product Code: | KGI |
| Predicate Device(s): | Body Composition Software Option for GE Lunar DEXA Bone<br>Densitometers (K071570) |
| Device Description: | enCORE is the software is used by the series of GE Lunar DXA<br>bone densitometers. Release 14 of the enCORE software<br>(enCORE 14 or enCORE 14.xx) includes some feature<br>enhancements. The software will calculate Resting Metabolic<br>Rate (RMR) and Resting Skeletal Muscle Index (RSMI) using<br>existing scan data. The calculations of RMR and RSMI do not<br>require any changes to the bone densitometer nor does it require<br>additional scanning or radiation exposure beyond the Total Body |
Confidential and Privileged. This document confidential and privileged trade secrets and other information of General Electric Co. and as such may not be disclosed to others not employed by General Electric Co. All rights reserved.
Additionally, the enCORE software can utilize a
MirrorImage function, which estimates Body Composition values
22
scans.
{1}------------------------------------------------
GE Medical Systems Lunar 510(k) Premarket Notification Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers
Image /page/1/Picture/1 description: The image shows the General Electric (GE) logo. The logo consists of the letters "GE" intertwined within a circle. The letters and the circle are in black, while the background is white. There are decorative white swirls around the outer edge of the circle.
using scanned data from the opposite side of the body if the patient does not fit entirely within the scan window.
The GE Lunar DXA bone densitometers measure the bone mineral density (BMD), lean and fat tissue mass and calculate derivative values of bone mineral content (BMC), area, soft tissue mass, regional soft tissue mass, total soft tissue mass, fat free mass, regional/total soft tissue mass ratio, % fat, region % fat, total body % fat, Android % fat, Gynoid % fat, Android/Gynoid ratio (A/G ratio) and Body Mass Index (BMI).
Intended Use:
Determination of
Substantial Equivalence:
The enCORE 14 Software Release for the GE Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers is intended for medical purposes to measure bone density, bone mineral content, and fat and lean tissue content by x-ray transmission measurements through the bone and adjacent tissues.
The enCORE 14 Software Release for GE Lunar DXA Bone Technology: Densitometers employs the same fundamental scientific technology as its predicate device.
## Summary of Non-Clinical Tests:
The Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) and Relative Skeletal Muscle Index (RSMI) are calculated using scan data collected using the Body Composition software option. There is no change to the scan performed.
The MirrorImage function allows Total Body Composition values to be estimated for patients who are larger than the scan window. The MirrorImage function uses existing scan data. There is no change to the scan performed.
The following quality assurance measures were applied to the development of the product:
- Risk Analysis .
- Requirements Reviews ●
- Design Reviews .
- Testing on unit level (Module verification) ●
- Integration testing (System verification) .
- Performance testing (Verification) .
- Safety testing (Verification)
- Simulated use testing (Validation)
It is concluded that the added features do not impact safety and effectiveness of the enCORE software or the GE Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers in comparison to the predicate device. The enCORE 14 Software Release for the GE Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers with the RMR, RMSI and MirrorImage indications
Confidential and Privileged. This document contidential and privileged trade secrets and other information of General Electric Co. and as such may not be disclosed to others not employed by General Electric Co. All rights reserved.
23
{2}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/2/Picture/0 description: The image shows the General Electric (GE) logo, which consists of the letters 'G' and 'E' intertwined within a circular border. The letters are stylized and connected in a flowing, cursive-like manner. The logo is presented in black and white, with the letters and border appearing in black against a white background.
GE Medical Systems Lunar 510(k) Premarket Notification Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers
is substantially equivalent to the predicate device.
#### Summary of Clinical Tests:
The subject of this premarket submission, the GE Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers, did not require clinical studies to support substantial equivalence.
Conclusion: GE Healthcare considers the enCORE 14 Software Release for the GE Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers with the RMR, RSMI and MirrorImage indications and the added features described herein to be as safe and as effective, and device performance is substantially equivalent to the predicate device, the Body Composition Software Option for GE Lunar DEXA Bone Densitometers.
Confidential and Privileged. This document contains confidential and privileged trade secrets and other information of General Electric Co. and as such may not be disclosed to others not employed by General Electric Co. All rights reserved.
{3}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/3/Picture/0 description: The image contains a logo for the Department of Health & Human Services - USA. The logo features a stylized eagle or bird-like symbol with three curved lines representing its body and wings. The text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES - USA" is arranged in a circular fashion around the symbol.
### DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Room - WO66-G609 Silver Spring. MD 20993-0002
APR 2 7 2012
Ms. Trishia Dwyer Regulatory Affairs Leader GE Medical Systems Lunar 3030 Ohmeda Drive MADISON WI 53718
Re: K113286
Trade/Device Name: enCORE 14 Software Release for GE Lunar DXA Bone
Densitometers Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892.1170 Regulation Name: Bone densitometer Regulatory Class: II Product Code: KGI Dated: March 12, 2012 Received: March 13, 2012
#### Dear Ms. Dwyer:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into class II (Special Controls), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 800 to 895. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Parts 801 and 809); medical device reporting (reporting of
{4}------------------------------------------------
medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); and good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820). This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your Section 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Parts 801 and 809), please contact the Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety at (301) 796-5450. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/industry/support/index.html.
Sincerely Yours,
Janine M. Morris
Acting Director Division of Radiological Devices Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
{5}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/5/Picture/0 description: The image shows the General Electric (GE) logo. The logo consists of the letters "GE" in a stylized, cursive font, enclosed within a circular border. There are small, stylized flourishes or dots placed around the perimeter of the circle, adding a decorative element to the design. The logo is black and white.
GE Medical Systems Lunar 510(k) Premarket Notification Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers
| 510(k) Number (if known): | K |
|---------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| Device Name: | enCORE 14 Software Release for GE Lunar DXA Bone Densitometers |
| Indications for Use: | |
The GE Lunar enCORE software used on the GE Lunar bone densitometer total body scan estimates the Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) in the male or female population age 18 and older. The data can be displayed in user-defined statistical formats and trends.
The GE Lunar enCORE software used on the GE Lunar bone densitometer total body scan estimates the Relative Skeletal Muscle Index (RSMI) in the male or female population age 18 and older. The data can be displayed in user-defined statistical formats and trends.
The MirrorImage function in the enCORE software used on the GF. Lunar DXA bone densitometers can be used to estimate the total body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) when regions of the body are outside of the scan window by using scanned data from the corresponding region(s) on the opposite half of the body.
| Prescription Use<br>(Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) | AND/OR | Over-The-Counter Use<br>(21 CFR 801 Subpart C) |
|-------------------------------------------------|--------|------------------------------------------------|
| x | | |
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE OF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Devices (OIVD)
Anhel D Othm
ivision Sinn-Of Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety
510(k) K113286
Page 1 of 1
Confidential and Privileged. This document confidential and privileged trade secrets and other information of General Electric Co. and as such may not be disclosed to others not employed by General Electric Co. All rights reserved.
Predicate graph will load when search results are available.
Embedding visualization will load when search results are available.
PDF viewer will load when search results are available.
Loading panels...
Select an item from Submissions
Click any panel, subpart, regulation, product code, or device to see details here.
Section Matches
Results will appear here.
Product Code Matches
Results will appear here.
Special Control Matches
Results will appear here.
Loading collections...
Loading
My Alerts
You will receive email notifications based on the filters and frequency you set for each alert.
Sort by:
Create Alert
Search Filters
Agent Token
Create a read-only bearer token for Claude, ChatGPT, or other agents that can call HTTP APIs.
Copy this now. It will not be shown again.
Connected apps
Apps you authorized through browser sign-in. Disconnecting revokes their access immediately.
Learn the FDA Browser
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.