The ADVIA Centaur® CA 19-9 Assay is an in vitro immunoassay for the quantitative measurement of the CA 19-9 tumor-associated antigen, in human serum, using the ADVIA Centaur System. This assay is indicated for the serial measurement of CA 19-9 to aid in the management of patients diagnosed with cancers of the exocrine pancreas. The test is useful as an aid in monitoring of disease status in those patients having confirmed pancreatic cancer who have levels of serum CA 19-9 at some point in their disease process exceeding the median concentration determined for the apparently healthy cohort. CA 19-9 values must be interpreted in conjunction with all other clinical and laboratory data before a medical decision is determined. This assay is not intended for use on any other system.
Device Story
Fully automated, two-step sandwich immunoassay; uses chemiluminescent technology. Input: human serum sample. Process: sample incubated with monoclonal antibody (116-NS-19-9) covalently coupled to paramagnetic particles; wash step; reaction with acridinium ester-labeled Lite Reagent. Output: quantitative CA 19-9 concentration (Units/mL). Used in clinical laboratory settings; operated by trained technicians. Results interpreted by physicians alongside clinical/laboratory data to monitor disease status in pancreatic cancer patients. Two-step protocol prevents high-dose hook effect.
Clinical Evidence
Clinical concordance study (n=131) compared serial CA 19-9 changes to disease progression in pancreatic cancer patients. Concordance with clinical status was 65.7% (95% CI: 54.9%–76.3%). Predictive value for progression was 68.4% and for no progression was 63.5%. Passing-Bablock regression against predicate showed correlation (r=0.88) with equation: ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 = 0.97 (Fujirebio RIA) + 0.13 Units/mL. Analytical performance included precision (4.3–14.5 %CV) and no high-dose hook effect up to 5,800,000 Units/mL.
Technological Characteristics
Two-step sandwich immunoassay; chemiluminescent detection. Uses monoclonal antibody 116-NS-19-9 coupled to paramagnetic particles and labeled with acridinium ester. Measuring range: 1.2–700 Units/mL. Fully automated, random-access analyzer. Sample volume: 75 µL. No interference from hemoglobin (1200 mg/dL), triglycerides (3500 mg/dL), bilirubin (60 mg/dL), or human serum albumin (14 g/dL).
Indications for Use
Indicated for serial measurement of CA 19-9 in human serum to aid in management of patients with confirmed exocrine pancreatic cancer. Intended for patients with serum CA 19-9 levels exceeding the median concentration of healthy cohorts. Contraindicated in patients genotypically negative for Lewis blood group antigen (cannot produce CA 19-9).
Regulatory Classification
Identification
A tumor-associated antigen immunological test system is a device that consists of reagents used to qualitatively or quantitatively measure, by immunochemical techniques, tumor-associated antigens in serum, plasma, urine, or other body fluids. This device is intended as an aid in monitoring patients for disease progress or response to therapy or for the detection of recurrent or residual disease.
Special Controls
*Classification.* Class II (special controls). Tumor markers must comply with the following special controls: (1) A guidance document entitled “Guidance Document for the Submission of Tumor Associated Antigen Premarket Notifications (510(k)s) to FDA,” and (2) voluntary assay performance standards issued by the National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards.
{0}------------------------------------------------
# K 031393
JUN 2 4 2003
# Section 4 Premarket Notification – 510(k)
Bayer HealthCare Diagnostics Division ADVIA Centaur® CA 19-9 Assay
Summary of Safety and Effectiveness
{1}------------------------------------------------
# Bayer HealthCare, Diagnostics Division ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 Assay
#### Summary of Safety and Effectiveness
This Summary of Safety and Effectiveness has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of 21 CFR 807.92, to provide sufficient information to understand the basis for a determination of substantial equivalence.
#### 1. Submitter Information Kenneth T. Edds, Ph.D. Contact Person: Baver HealthCare Address: Diagnostics Division 511 Benedict Ave. Tarrytown, NY 10591 Phone: (914) 524 2446 Fax: (914) 524 2500 e-mail: ken.edds.b@bayer.com Date Summary Prepared: April 25, 2003 2. Device Information Propriety Name: ADVIA Centaur® CA 19-9 Assav Common Name: Immunological test for CA 19-9 Antigen (1116NS19-9 Antibody Defined Antigen) Classification Name: Tumor Associated Antigen Immunological Test System: Calibrator Class: = CFR: 21 CFR 866.6010; 21 CFR 862.1150 Product Code: NIG, JIT
#### 3. Predicate Device Information
| Name: | Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9 RIA |
|-----------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Manufacturer:<br>Manufactured by: | Fujirebio Diagnostics, Inc.<br>201 Great Valley Parkway<br>Malvern, PA 19355 |
| 510(k) Number: | K020566 |
{2}------------------------------------------------
## 4. Device Description
The ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 assay is a fully automated, two-step sandwich immunoassay using direct, chemiluminescent technology. The method utilizes a single monoclonal antibody (Mab), 116-NS-19-9, for both the Solid Phase and the Lite Reagent. The Mab is both covalently coupled to paramagnetic particles in the Solid Phase as well as labeled with acridinium ester in the Lite Reagent.
The sample and Solid Phase are first incubated at 37℃ for 7.5 minutes. This step is followed by a wash step to remove excess unbound antigen. The Lite Reagent is then reacted with the Solid Phase that is bound to CA 19-9 antigen for an additional 20-minute incubation. This two-step protocol eliminates any high-dose hook effect in this assay.
#### 5. Statement of Intended Use
The ADVIA Centaur® CA 19-9 Assay is an in vitro immunoassay for the quantitative measurement of the CA 19-9 tumor-associated antigen, in human serum, using the ADVIA Centaur System. This assay is indicated for the serial measurement of CA 19-9 to aid in the management of patients diagnosed with cancers of the exocrine pancreas. The test is useful as an aid in monitoring of disease status in those patients having confirmed pancreatic cancer who have levels of serum CA 19-9 at some point in their disease process exceeding the median concentration determined for the apparently healthy cohort. CA 19-9 values must be interpreted in conjunction with all other clinical and laboratory data before a medical decision is determined. This assay is not intended for use on any other system.
## 6. Substantial Equivalence
The ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 Assay is substantially equivalent to the Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9 RIA predicate device cleared under K020566. Both products are based on the use of the same monoclonal antibody (Mab), 1116NS19-9, which is intended for use in the quantitative determination of the CA 19-9 tumorassociated antigen.
## (a) Technological Characteristics
The following table compares the technology features of the ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 Assay with the Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9 RIA predicate device:
| Feature | ADVIA Centaur® CA19-9<br>Immunoassay | Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9<br>RIA (Predicate Device) |
|--------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Intended Use | Quantitative determination of CA<br>19-9 tumor-associated antigen | Quantitative determination of CA<br>19-9 tumor-associated antigen |
| Indication for Use | An aid in the management of<br>patients diagnosed with cancers<br>of the exocrine pancreas | An aid in the management of<br>patients diagnosed with cancers<br>of the exocrine pancreas |
| Assay Principle | Chemiluminescence<br>immunoassay | Radioimmunoassay |
| Sample Type | Human serum | Human serum or plasma |
| Sample Volume | 75 µL | 100 µL |
{3}------------------------------------------------
| Feature | ADVIA Centaur® CA19-9<br>Immunoassay | Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9<br>RIA (Predicate Device) |
|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Calibrator | CA 19-9 Calibrator set (2 levels) | CA 19-9 Standard set (6 levels<br>including 0) |
| Controls | Tumor Marker Plus 1, 2 Control<br>set | Defibrinated human plasma<br>containing 2 levels of CA 19-9 |
| Instrument | ADVIA Centaur System, a fully<br>automated, random-access<br>immunoassay analyzer | Manual method or semi-<br>automated with commercially<br>available rinsing/aspiration<br>systems |
| Measuring Range | 1.2 - 700 Units/mL | 0.9 - 240 Units/mL |
## (b) Performance Characteristics
The following table compares the performance characteristics of the ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 assay with the Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9 RIA predicate device:
| Feature | Bayer ADVIA Centaur® CA 19-9<br>Immunoassay | Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9<br>RIA (Predicate Device) |
|---------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Precision | Within-run 4.3 – 11.3 %CV from 7.2 – 386.7 Units/mL Total 5.5 – 14.5 %CV from 7.2 – 386.7 Units/mL | Values for duplicates should be within 15% of the mean (except for 0 standard0) |
| Hook Effect | No high dose effect up to 5,800,000 Units/mL | None up to 1,250,000 Units/mL |
| Analytical Sensitivity | 1.2 Units/mL | 0.9 Units/mL |
| Limitations/Warning/Precautions | This test has been evaluated with serum. No interference from hemoglobin up to 1200 mg/dL No interference from triglycerides up to 3500 mg/dL No interference from bilirubin up to 60 mg/dL No interference from human serum albumin up to 14 g/dL No interference from commonly used pharmaceutical drugs. Patients known to be genotypically negative for the Lewis blood group antigen will be unable to produce the CA 19-9 antigen even in the presence of malignant tissue. Results should always be assessed in conjunction with the patient's medical history, clinical evaluation and other diagnostic procedures. | This test has been evaluated with serum and plasma (using different anticoagulants). However, it is recommended that if the specimen type is changed during patient monitoring, the patient should be re-baselined to negate any potential biases due to specimen type. The assay should not be performed on clotted, icteric hemolyzed or lipemic samples. No interference from commonly used pharmaceutical drugs. Patients known to be genotypically negative for the Lewis blood group antigen will be unable to produce the CA 19-9 antigen even in the presence of malignant tissue. Results should always be assessed in conjunction with the patient's medical history, clinical evaluation and other diagnostic procedures. |
{4}------------------------------------------------
## (c) Clinical Concordance
The following two 2x2 tables compare the clinical concordance of the ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 Assay (test device) and the Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9 RIA (predicate device) with a change in a patient's CA 19-9 value relative to disease progression.
Monitoring of Pancreatic Cancer Patients for Changes in Disease Status: Correspondence of Serial CA 19-9 Changes as Measured by the ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 Assay (Test Device) and Clinical Status (Per-Visit Analysis).
| Change in CA 19-9 | | Change in Disease State | |
|-------------------|-------------|-------------------------|-------|
| | Progression | No Progression | Total |
| > 15% increase | 39 | 27 | 66 |
| ≤ 15% increase | 18 | 47 | 65 |
| Total | 57 | 74 | 131 |
Concordance = (39+47)/ 131 = 65.7% (95% CI of 54.9% to 76.3%) Predictive Value (No Progression) = 47/74 = 63.5% (95% CI of 52.9% to 77.4%) Predictive Value (Progression) = 39/57 = 68.4% (95% CI of 56.6% to 80.1%)
Monitoring of Pancreatic Cancer Patients for Changes in Disease Status: Correspondence of Serial CA 19-9 Changes as Measured by the Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9 RIA (Predicate Device) and Clinical Status (Per-Visit Analysis),
| Change in CA 19-9 | Progression | No Progression | Total |
|-------------------|-------------|----------------|-------|
| > 20% increase | 37 | 19 | 57 |
| < 20% increase | 20 | 55 | 74 |
| Total | 55 | 74 | 131 |
Concordance = (37+55)/ 131 = 70.2% (95%CI of 59.5% to 80.9%)
Predictive Value (No Progression) = 55/74 = 74.3% (95% CI of 64.3% to 83.8%)
Predictive Value (Progression) = 37/57 = 64.9% (95% CI of 52.9% to 77.1%)
For 360 samples in the assay range of 1.2 - 700 Units/mL, the relationship of the ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 Assay to the Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9 RIA is described by the following equation (as determined with a Passing-Bablock Regression):
ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 = 0.97 (Fujirebio RIA) + 0.13 Units/mL
The correlation coefficient (r) is 0.88.
| | Coefficient | 95% CI |
|-----------|-------------|-----------------|
| Intercept | 0.127 | -1.234 to 1.970 |
| Slope | 0.972 | 0.914 to 1.032 |
The non-clinical and clinical data presented herein demonstrate substantial equivalence of the ADVIA Centaur CA 19-9 Assay to the FDA-cleared Fujirebio Diagnostics CA 19-9 RIA.
{5}------------------------------------------------
Image /page/5/Picture/1 description: The image is a black and white logo for the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The logo features a stylized image of three human figures in profile, arranged in a row. The figures are connected by a series of lines that form a wing-like shape above them. The text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES · USA" is arranged in a circular pattern around the image.
Food and Drug Administration 2098 Gaither Road Rockville MD 20850
Kenneth T. Edds, Ph.D. Manager Regulatory Affairs Bayer HealthCare Diagnostics Division 511 Benedict Avenue Tarrytown, New York 10591-5097
Re: k031393 Trade/Device Name: ADVIA Centaur® CA 19-9 Assay Regulation Number: 21 CFR § 866.6010 Regulation Name: Tumor Associated Antigen Immunological Test System; Calibrator Regulatory Class: II Product Code: NIG, JIT Dated: May 2, 2003 Received: May 5, 2003
JUN 2 4 2003
Dear Dr. Edds:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 800 to 895. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Parts 801 and 809); and good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820). This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your Section 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
{6}------------------------------------------------
Page 2 -
If you desire specific information about the application of labeling requirements to your device, or questions on the promotion and advertising of your device, please contact the Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety at (301) 594-3084. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21CFR Part 807.97). You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Small Manufacturers, International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597 or at its Internet address http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/dsma/dsmamain.html.
Sincerely yours,
steven Sutman
Steven I. Gutman, M.D., M.B.A. Director Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
{7}------------------------------------------------
Page
510(k) Number (if known):
Device Name: ADVIA Centaur® CA 19-9 Assay
#### Indications for Use:
The ADVIA Centaur® CA 19-9 Assay is an in vitro immunoassay for the quantitative measurement of the CA 19-9 tumor-associated antigen, in human serum, using the ADVIA Centaur System. This assay is indicated for the serial measurement of CA 19-9 to aid in the management of patients diagnosed with cancers of the exocrine pancreas. The test is useful as an aid in monitoring of disease status in those patients having confirmed pancreatic cancer who have levels of serum CA 19-9 at some point in their disease process exceeding the median concentration determined for the apparently healthy cohort. CA 19-9 values must be interpreted in conjunction with all other clinical and laboratory data before a medical decision is determined. This assay is not intended for use on any other system.
#### (PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE--CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE, IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
| Prescription Use<br>(Per 21 CFR 801.109) | <div> <span style="text-decoration: overline;">✓</span> </div> |
|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
|------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
OR
| Division Sign-Off | <div> <span style="text-decoration: overline;">JP Reves for S.Banton</span> </div> |
|-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Over-The-Counter Use <span style="font-size: smaller;">(Optional Format 1-2-96)</span> |
|--|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|--|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety
| 510(k) | <span style="text-decoration: overline;">K031393</span> |
|--------|---------------------------------------------------------|
|--------|---------------------------------------------------------|
Predicate graph will load when search results are available.
Embedding visualization will load when search results are available.
PDF viewer will load when search results are available.
Loading panels...
Select an item from Submissions
Click any panel, subpart, regulation, product code, or device to see details here.
Section Matches
Results will appear here.
Product Code Matches
Results will appear here.
Special Control Matches
Results will appear here.
Loading collections...
Loading
My Alerts
You will receive email notifications based on the filters and frequency you set for each alert.
Sort by:
Create Alert
Search Filters
Agent Token
Create a read-only bearer token for Claude, ChatGPT, or other agents that can call HTTP APIs.
Copy this now. It will not be shown again.
Connected apps
Apps you authorized through browser sign-in. Disconnecting revokes their access immediately.
Learn the FDA Browser
Two short videos show you everything — or skip straight to the written tutorial if you'd rather read. You can reopen this any time from the Tutorial button in the top bar.
Part 1 — Search, results, and everyday workflows 16 min
Part 2 — Embeddings: the galaxy map 3 min
1. Search: exact and fuzzy
Type a phrase like "coronary artery calcification" into the search box. You get two kinds of results. Exact results match the literal phrase — prefix searches work ("coronary artery calcificati") but suffix searches do not. Fuzzy results match on the meaning and intent of your phrase rather than the exact words, and are sorted by relevance score. Hover over the Exact or Fuzzy badge on any row to see exactly why it matched.
Use the checkboxes above the results to narrow: SaMD keeps only software-only devices, AI / ML keeps only devices with AI.
Exact vs. fuzzy search: what's the difference?
Exact matches on the literal phrase (prefix search works, suffix does not). Fuzzy matches on the meaning and intent of the phrase rather than the exact words. Hover over the badge on any row to see why it matched.
You search "coronary artery calcification" and want only software devices with AI. What two filters do you apply?
Narrow by SaMD (software-only devices), then narrow by AI/ML (devices with AI).
2. The results table
Scroll right in the results table. The intended use is extracted for you — no need to open the PDF. The device story gives a high-level snapshot of what the device does and how it's used. The AI Performance sub-table shows each output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, and development/test dataset descriptions — the same format Innolitics uses for regulatory strategy outputs, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. It is AI-generated but has been very reliable in practice.
Where do you find a device's intended use without opening the PDF?
Scroll right in the search results table. The intended use column is extracted for you; no need to dig into the 510(k) summary PDF.
What does the AI Performance sub-table show, and why is it useful?
Output name, acceptance criteria, observed values, development dataset description, and test dataset description. It's the same format we use for regulatory strategy output and Fast 510(k) input, and the fastest high-level fingerprint of an AI device. AI-generated but reliable in practice.
3. Judging fuzzy relevance
Fuzzy results trail off in relevance as you scroll. Use three signals to decide how far down to go: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether your target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, you're past the relevant zone. A top hit with a low score (~0.4) and a stretched explanation is a hint the closest predicates are far away — the project may be headed for De Novo. Note the fuzzy search is a pattern match: it doesn't handle negation ("not") well, and hardware devices can appear — filter by SaMD/AI ML to cut them.
How do you judge how far down fuzzy search results to go?
Use the relevancy signals: the fuzzy badge explanations, the intended use column, and whether the target output (e.g., Cobb angle) still appears in the AI Performance sub-table. Once it stops appearing, results are trailing off in relevancy.
4. Device detail page: chat and citations
Click a device name to open its detail page: device facts on the left, a chat window on the right. Ask something like "Describe the training data". The answer carries little citation bubbles — click one to jump to the highlighted passage in the source PDF, so you can verify every AI answer against the document. There's also a Download PDF button for sharing.
How do you verify an AI chat answer on the device detail page?
Click the citation bubbles to jump to the relevant highlight in the source document.
Reading rule for every project: how many summaries do you read in full?
At least the three most relevant 510(k) or De Novo summaries, in full. After that, use targeted chat questions to confirm your memory quickly. The tool supports this professional habit — it doesn't replace it.
5. Side-by-side comparison
Select multiple rows in the results table (aim for under ~10), then open the PDF Viewer tab. Ask one question — it goes to all selected devices in parallel, each with citations. This is the fastest way to compare and contrast devices: training data, PCCP scope, how they handled adding new scanners, and so on.
What does the side-by-side PDF viewer mode do?
Select multiple devices, open the PDF viewer tab, and ask one question (e.g., "Describe the training data"). It queries all selected devices simultaneously with citations, so you can compare and contrast quickly.
6. Collections
With rows selected, go to the Collections tab and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). Reload that selection any time — before a client call, pull up the collection and ask questions across all of its devices at once.
How do you save a set of selected devices for later use?
Select the rows, go to the Collections tab, and create a labeled collection (e.g., "Cobb Angle Project"). You can reload the selection anytime and carry it into the PDF viewer and other tabs that support selections.
7. Product codes and the regulations tree
Click a product code in the results to jump to it in the regulations tree — identification text, sibling product codes, and devices you can open in a PDF viewer on the right. Click a regulation number to see its identification, special controls, and related product codes. You can also search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree. Always read the special controls if any exist for your device — it broadens your search and sharpens pre-kickoff research.
What can you do from the regulations tree view?
Browse product codes and regulation numbers, read the identification text and special controls, browse sibling product codes, open device PDFs on the right, and search by product code or regulation number at the top of the tree.
8. Chart view
Click Show Chart and segment by regulation number (or product code) to see which regulations dominate your result set. Clicking a regulation takes you into the regulations tree. Great for spotting that most matches are, say, hardware laparoscopic devices — a cue to go back and filter.
How do you see which regulations dominate a search result set?
Click "Show Chart" and segment by Regulation Number. Clicking a regulation takes you to the regulations tree.
9. The predicate graph
Open the Predicates tab for a family-tree view of predicate relationships. Click a node to trace its parents and children; selections from search carry over pre-selected. Commonly predicated devices are worth reading — a lot of people predicated them for a reason. The visual lineage is also handy on client calls, e.g. to show how a predicate family evolved and justify why your predicate still holds.
In the predicate graph, why are commonly predicated devices worth reading?
A lot of people predicated them for a reason. Clicking a node traces parents and children, and selections from search carry over pre-selected.
10. Embeddings: the galaxy map
The Embeddings tab plots every matching document in a 2-D "galaxy map" where semantically similar devices cluster together. Hover or click clusters to explore, and let AI label the clusters for you. Embeddings beat product codes for grouping: two devices can carry different product codes (LLZ vs. QIH) yet do the same thing — the embedding captures the meaning of the intended use and device story. This is also exactly how retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) works under the hood, and it makes a great visual on client calls.
Try it yourself
Head to the search page and work through a few of these AI/ML fuzzy searches to build intuition: perivascular fat on CT · aortic valve calcification opportunistic screening on noncontrast CT · breast cancer prediction on digital pathology slides · autism detection · gestational age prediction · a hearing aid that can also detect a pulse · foundation model based analysis of ECG · large language models · penetration test. Watch how the relevance scores, intended use, and AI Performance tables tell you when results stop being meaningful.